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LANCET RESP MED:贝达奎宁显著降低耐药结核病患者的死亡率

2020-03-30 Allan MedSci原创

疟疾是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,每年全球发病人数达3~5亿,年平均死亡人数高达100~200万。

前言

疟疾是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,每年全球发病人数达3~5亿,年平均死亡人数高达100~200万。如果病人感染的结核分枝杆菌对一种或一种以上的抗结核药物产生了耐药性,即为耐药结核病。随着人口的增长和人口流动的增加,耐药结核病病例呈上升态势,那么,如何有效遏制耐药结核病便成为全球公共卫生系统所关心的共同问题。

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WHO:全球耐结核病例的百分比

https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/public-health/multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis-research/

研究背景

  • 2012年,美国FDA批准贝达奎宁(bedaquiline)用于治疗耐多药结核病;
  • 2013年,世界卫生组织(WHO)和美国疾病控制中心(CDC)均建议使用贝达奎宁(bedaquiline)治疗耐多药结核病;
  • 作为耐多药结核病疫情较为严重的国家,南非“国家结核病计划”于2015年3月开始广泛使用贝达奎宁(bedaquiline)治疗耐药结核病。在本研究中,南非研究人员系统性地比较了标准方案和贝达奎宁治疗耐药结核病患者的死亡率。

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研究方法

在这项回顾性队列研究中,研究人员分析了来自南非利福平耐药结核病例登记表(EDRweb)的患者数据。比较了接受贝达奎宁治疗的患者和未接受贝达奎宁的患者的全因死亡率。未接受贝达奎宁治疗的患者在治疗方案中将卡那霉素或卡普霉素和莫西沙星作为核心药物。最后,分别估算了耐多药结核病、耐利福平结核病和广泛耐药结核病的死亡风险比(HR)。

 

研究结果

在2014年7月1日至2016年3月31日期间,在EDRweb中发现了24014例肺结核病例。18542例耐多药或耐利福平的结核病患者中的743例(4.0%)和1075例广泛耐药性结核病患者中的273例(25.4%)曾使用含有贝达奎宁的治疗方案。

  • 在接受贝达奎宁治疗的1016例患者中,128例死亡(12.6%),在18601例标准治疗方案中,4612例死亡(24.8%)。
  • 贝达奎宁降低了耐多药或利福平耐药结核病患者的全因死亡率(危险比[HR] 0.35、95%CI 0.28-0.46),与标准治疗方案相比,贝达奎宁将全因死亡率降低了4;贝达奎宁降低了广泛耐药性结核病患者的全因死亡率(危险比[HR] 0.26、95%CI 0.18-0.38),与标准治疗方案相比,贝达奎宁将全因死亡率降低了3(图1)。

pastedGraphic_2.png

图1(A)有无贝达奎宁治疗方案治疗耐多药或耐利福平结核病的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线;(B)有无贝达奎宁治疗方案治疗广泛耐药结核病的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

 

研究意义及展望

本研究中贝达奎宁组患者的死亡率为12.6%,与先前的报道相似。这一比例显著低于未使用贝达奎宁的标准治疗组的死亡率(24.8%),且没有接受贝达奎宁的耐药或广泛耐药结核患者在治疗18-24个月内死亡。这项回顾性队列分析表明,与标准方案相比,以贝达奎宁为基础的治疗方案与耐药结核病患者的死亡率大幅降低相关

 

参考文献

Schnippel K, Ndjeka N, Maartens G, et al. Effect of bedaquiline on mortality in South African patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study[J]. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2018, 6(9): 699-706.

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大冢公司开展的“同情使用”(CU)计划于2014年启动,向治疗选择有限的MDR-TB患者提供德拉马尼。我们将呈现2014年2月1日至2019年2月28日期间入组患者的安全性和初

Sci Rep:苯并噻嗪-4-硫酮,一种很有前途的治疗耐药结核病的临床前候选药

这些数据结合苯并噻嗪-4-硫酮的安全性和生物利用度表明SKLB-TB1001是一种很有前途的治疗耐药结核病的前临床候选药物。

2019 ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA临床实践指南:耐药结核病的治疗

2019年11月,美国胸科学会(ATS)联合美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)、欧洲呼吸学会(ERS)、美国感染病学会(IDSA)共同发布了耐药结核病的治疗指南,主要内容涉及多耐药结核病以及对异烟肼耐药但对利福平敏感的结核病的治疗。

拓展阅读

Clin Infect Dis:耐药肺结核患者接受含贝达奎林或德拉米尼的治疗方案的临床结果

贝达奎林和德拉米尼是治疗多药耐药结核病(MDR TB)的新药,然而,指导其使用的研究数据有限,也没有相关的对比研究。

NEJM:Delamanid可增强耐药结核的疗效

菲律宾雅加达医学中心和热带病基金会Maria T. Gler博士及其合作者在6月7日《新英格兰医学杂志》上发表文章称,研究性药物delamanid与标准抗结核治疗联用,可显著提高多耐药结核的痰培养转阴率。经过2个月的联合治疗,45%的患者实现转化,而单纯标准治疗组的转阴率仅为30%。这一结果对于中国可能尤其意义重大,因为目前全球约有1/4的多耐药结核患者来自中国。Gler博士说:“有必要进一步探索

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