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6岁男童全身红斑 原来是病毒作祟

2018-07-24 郭在培 皮肤性病学

6岁男童,不明诱因出现面、颈部红斑、丘疹,并逐渐累及躯干大部分区域,少数皮疹可互相融合,自觉轻度瘙痒,自觉发热,同时伴有疲乏,思睡。特点为:先有发热,后有皮疹;皮疹为红斑、丘疹,向心分布,从头颈开始,向下发展;轻度瘙痒。哪里出了问题?

6岁男童,不明诱因出现面、颈部红斑、丘疹,并逐渐累及躯干大部分区域,少数皮疹可互相融合,自觉轻度瘙痒,自觉发热,同时伴有疲乏,思睡。特点为:先有发热,后有皮疹;皮疹为红斑、丘疹,向心分布,从头颈开始,向下发展;轻度瘙痒。哪里出了问题?

【病例】

患者男,6岁,全身红斑、丘疹伴发热1天。1天前,患者不明诱因出现面、颈部红斑、丘疹,并逐渐累及躯干大部分区域,少数皮疹可互相融合,自觉轻度瘙痒,自觉发热(未测体温),同时伴有疲乏,思睡。门诊以“病毒疹”收入院。患者自患病以来,食欲尚可,精神、睡眠正常,大小便无改变。

临床资料】

1﹒采集病史

(1)红斑出现的时间,发疹顺序。

(2)有无伴发其他类型皮疹:丘疹、水疱。

(3)主观症状:有无痒、痛等,主观症状出现的时间。

(4)有无全身症状:如发热等。

(5)一般情况:如饮食、睡眠、大小便、体重改变等。

(6)有无辅助检查结果如血常规。

2﹒查体

(1)系统查体:心、肺、腹等重要器官检查无异常,T:38℃。

(2)皮肤专科查体:头颈部,躯干散在分布浅红色斑、丘疹,少数融合成片,多数疹间有正常皮肤。口腔颊粘膜无斑点。

3﹒辅助检查 血常规无异常,肝、肾功无异常。

临床表现特点】

风疹是一种病毒所致急性传染病。以红斑、丘疹及枕后、颈、耳后淋巴结肿大伴发热等为主要症状。本病以冬春季发病最高,多见于儿童。早期妊娠患风疹常引起风疹性胚胎病和胎儿畸形。

本病由风疹病毒引起,风疹患者是本病唯一传染源,主要经飞沫传染。传染期自发病起到皮疹消退止。

风疹潜伏期为2~3周,发病初期可有发热、头痛、倦怠、咽痛等症状。皮疹为粉红色斑疹或斑丘疹,可有轻度痒感,稀疏存在,部分可融合成片。在24小时内迅速蔓延到耳后、颈部,向下扩展到躯干、上肢,最后到下肢,2天内消退,常在下肢发疹时面部皮疹已经消退。疹退后常不留痕迹,亦可有轻度脱屑。

并发症包括:①风疹综合征:妊娠妇女在妊娠4个月内患风疹,可发生流产、死产、早产或胎儿畸形。此种胎儿畸形称为风疹综合征,畸形发生率约占1/3。风疹发生越早,胚胎病的危险就越大。常见的有先天性白内障、耳聋、齿缺损、先天性心脏病等。②关节炎:发生在较大儿童和成人,表现为皮疹消退后再度发热伴一个或多个大、小关节肿痛,常见手足小关节、腕、膝关节。关节症状常在1~2周明显。大多数患者类风湿因子阳性。

实验室检查:在前驱期及出疹初期,白细胞数降低,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞均减少。

本例特点:

1﹒先有发热,后有皮疹;

2﹒皮疹为红斑、丘疹,向心分布,从头颈开始,向下发展;

3﹒轻度瘙痒。

诊断要点】

主要根据有接触史,全身症状,皮疹为斑疹、丘疹或斑丘疹,开始于面、颈部,1天内波及躯干、四肢,伴枕后、耳后及颈部淋巴结肿大,一般可作出诊断

【鉴别诊断】

1﹒麻疹 起病常有明显的发热及卡他症状,皮损自耳后、颈部、发际逐渐蔓延至面部、躯干、四肢、掌跖。皮疹色泽暗红,口腔颊粘膜可见柯氏斑(Koplik 斑)。皮疹持续3~5天,然后按出疹先后顺序逐渐消退,常伴糠状脱屑。

2﹒猩红热 突然发热,咽痛,第2天自颈、胸、躯干、四肢依次出疹,为弥漫性潮红密集的斑点,压之褪色,持续2~4天遍布全身,可见口周苍白圈、“杨莓舌”。血白细胞总数及中性粒细胞增高。消退期常有大片状脱屑,手足部呈手套、袜套状。咽拭分泌物培养可分离出β溶血性链球菌。

【治疗要点】

风疹患者一般症状轻微,不需要特殊治疗。症状较显著时可卧床休息,可多饮水,给予易消化的食物,其他可进行对症处理,如给予退热、止咳剂等,局部可外用炉甘石洗剂。

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    2018-09-16 jyzxjiangqin

    病毒作祟致男童全身红斑。

    0

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    2018-08-08 易水河

    病毒性皮疹很常见

    0

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    2018-08-04 长乐江田皮肤科门诊部

    谢谢老师的分享

    0

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    2018-07-26 zhouqu_8
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    2018-07-24 易水河

    病毒感染的特异性很不明显

    0

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