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Nature:科学家利用CRISPR-Cas9技术成功构建出细胞疾病模型

2016-05-08 生物谷 生物谷

图片来源:www.phys.org 为了阐明特殊基因错误如何引发疾病,科学家们需要在细胞中进行实验来研究具体突变对细胞的影响,如今来自洛克菲勒大学(Rockefeller University)和纽约干细胞研究所等机构的研究人员通过研究,利用基于CRISPR的基因编辑技术成功在细胞中重现了疾病发生的过程,相关研究刊登于国际著名杂志Nature上。 研究者Marc Tessier-Lavig

图片来源:www.phys.org

为了阐明特殊基因错误如何引发疾病,科学家们需要在细胞中进行实验来研究具体突变对细胞的影响,如今来自洛克菲勒大学(Rockefeller University)和纽约干细胞研究所等机构的研究人员通过研究,利用基于CRISPR的基因编辑技术成功在细胞中重现了疾病发生的过程,相关研究刊登于国际著名杂志Nature上。

研究者Marc Tessier-Lavigne说道,这种新型技术可以帮助科学家们直接精确地将引发疾病发生的基因植入细胞中,从而获取细胞模型来进行更为深入的研究,这就为后期开发一系列人类疾病的新型疗法提供了新的希望,比如治疗阿尔兹海默氏症等。

过去很多年里,科学家们设计了很多种方法来模拟在实验室培养的细胞中模拟疾病的发生过程,当科学家们尽力想让细胞转变成为特殊人类疾病模型时,他们就通过切割基因组中的DNA并且换上替代品来进行研究。随着CRISPR-Cas9系统的发现,科学家们开始利用基于该系统的基因编辑技术来开发出患病的细胞模型。

文章中研究人员Dominik Paquet及其同事首次尝试利用CRISPR-Cas9技术在细胞中插入两种遗传突变,而这两种遗传突变和引发阿尔兹海默氏症疾病的β淀粉样蛋白的产生直接相关,随后研究者发现,这种方法的成功率较低,仅有一小部分细胞会携带上理想的基因突变。主要的问题就是CRISPR-Cas9可以持续切割细胞的DNA,而细胞的自身修复细胞会不断修复每一个切割处直到细胞产生一种可以抑制切割的错误,而这种错误一旦产生就会在细胞中不断产生很多新型未知的问题。

随后科学家们评估了另外一种方法,即引入大块的突变来抑制后期的切割现象,通过在CRISPR-Cas9靶向检测的DNA不同部位中引入大块突变后,研究者发现这可以明显减少意外错误产生的数量。当研究人员利用CRISPR-Cas9引入阿尔兹海默氏症的任意一种遗传突变后,他们仔细观察遗传序列后发现了一种特殊的模式,也就是说在CRISPR-Cas9切割位点和研究者引入受体细胞的突变之间存在一段序列上的距离。

随后研究者Kwart说道,序列距离较短会产生出更易于包含两种突变的细胞,而随着距离增加,编辑的成功率就会降低,而一种突变的比率和其原始基因版本的峰值之间的距离就会开始拉大;更为重要的是研究者发现了特殊的距离关系,这样他们就有可能制造出大量的杂合细胞;而利用上述技术研究人员就可以对干细胞的基因组进行编辑使细胞包含两种阿尔兹海默氏症基因中的任意一种,随后诱导这些干细胞转化成为神经元细胞并且产生大量β淀粉样蛋白,从而模拟阿尔兹海默氏症的疾病表现。

此前并没有简单的方法来控制确定是否通过CRISPR-Cas9技术编辑就可以产生和特殊疾病表现相关的杂合突变,而本文研究中,研究者通过对上述距离关系特性的分析就成功实现了利用基于CRISPR的技术在细胞中重现疾病症状的目的。

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    2016-05-10 yuandd
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    2016-05-10 respect
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    2016-05-10 yaanren
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    2016-05-10 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    值得阅读,学习!

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