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Neurology:认知障碍可在阿尔茨海默症确诊前18年给出信号

2015-06-27 MedSci MedSci原创

Science Daily:认知障碍可在阿尔茨海默症确诊前18年给出信号近日,一项新的研究表明记忆和思维测试中的错误可在患者确诊为阿尔茨海默症前18年给出提示信息。该研究与2015年6月24日在线发表于 Neurology。“思维和记忆在阿尔茨海默症患者出现明显症状的几十年前便可出现变化,”该研究的作者 Kumar B. Rajan博士说道。“虽然我们目前无法检测这种变化的风险,但是我们观察到由于

近日,一项新的研究表明记忆和思维测试中的错误可在患者确诊为阿尔茨海默症前18年给出提示信息。该研究与2015年6月24日在线发表于 Neurology。

“思维和记忆在阿尔茨海默症患者出现明显症状的几十年前便可出现变化,”该研究的作者 Kumar B. Rajan博士说道。“虽然我们目前无法检测这种变化的风险,但是我们观察到由于阿尔茨海默症,他们中中一部分人最终出现了痴呆表现。”

该研究纳入了2125名来自芝加哥的欧裔美国人和非裔美国人,平均年龄为73岁。所有研究对象均未诊断为阿尔茨海默症,对其进行记忆和思维测试,每三年测试一次,测试进行18年。

结果发现,23%的非裔美国人和17%的欧裔美国人在研究过程中诊断为阿尔茨海默症。这些人在记忆与思维测试过程中的得分较低,发生此病的风险较高。第一年的测试中,测试得分较低的人患阿尔茨海默症的可能性约为测试得分较高人的10倍。

最终评估之前基于测试完成13-18年中,标准认知测试得分每下降一个单位,则将来发生痴呆的风险增大85%。“虽然这个风险低于痴呆评估前一年评估得分降低相同一个单位时将来发生老年痴呆的风险,但是研究观察到,在13-18年的测试中越低的得分则越晚揭示认知功能的微妙的下降如何影响未来痴呆发生的危险,”Rajan说道。

“目前大众普遍认为阿尔茨海默症的发病过程中某些生理和生物变化先于记忆和思维的变化。如果是这样,那么这些生理和生物的潜在变化过程将持续很长时间。为有效预防疾病发生可能需要更好的理解这些变化过程,” Rajan 补充道。

原始出处:

Low scores on memory and thinking tests may signal Alzheimer's 18 years prior to disease.

Rajan KB1, Wilson RS2, Weuve J2, Barnes LL2, Evans DA2.Cognitive impairment 18 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease dementia.Neurology. 2015 Jun 24. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001774. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2016-01-03 yinhl1978
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    2015-07-05 qing1231990

    在人口普查时加上AD相关的各种量表,对那些得分低的,加强随访,

    0

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科学家们已经建造出了一种可长期使用的「记忆细胞」,它能同时存储并处理信息,就像人类的大脑一样。这是第一次出现的多状态电子记忆细胞之一,它标志着我们距离建造一个仿生学大脑又迈出了至关重要的一步。 这个新细胞比人类的一根头发还细一万倍,它不仅能比以前存储并处理更多数据,它还拥有“忆阻”能力。这意味着它能保留记忆并受到先前所储存的记忆的影响,我们当前的存储设备尚无法做到这一点。

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近日,来自佛罗里达的Scripps研究所(TSRI)的研究人员们发现,睡眠可以抑制一些促进遗忘的神经细胞的活性,从而确保记忆得以保存。此项研究在线发表于Cell杂志上。 早前的研究认为,睡眠促进了记忆的保留,这个过程是通过阻止了一些来源于心理和行为活动的干扰。也就是说,睡眠可以将大脑与所有可以干扰记忆储存的刺激隔离开来。而此项最新的研究证明,睡眠促进记忆力保留是通过提高巩固记忆的能力。

Cell:为什么睡得好,记忆就好

在话剧《麦克白》(Macbeth)中,莎士比亚将睡觉描述为是“每一天生命的死亡,”但他有可能搞错了。事实上,睡觉也许是让我们的记忆鲜活完整的原因之一。 来自佛罗里达州斯克里普斯研究所(TSRI)的一项新研究整合神经科学和心理学调查,揭示出睡眠比莎士比亚想象的要复杂的多。发表在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上的这项新研究表明,在动物模型中睡眠抑制了一些促进遗忘的神经细胞的活性,确保了至少有一部分记忆

赠高考君:当你复习不进去的时候。。。

尽管科学家一个接一个的科研成果让我们对记忆有了越来越多的了解,但直到今天,科学家所发现的所谓大脑的秘密也只是冰山一角,在很大程度上,大脑和记忆仍是神秘的。研究人员认为,记忆是一个过程,并且当你记忆的时候,实际上就是你把保存在大脑中零零碎碎的信息进行重建。但让人不解的是,究竟是什么东西引发大脑开始这个重建过程?这个谜团继续等待科学家们去寻找答案,但有20个事实是已经科学家证实了的。   1.大脑

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