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大样本研究颠覆认知!频繁午睡或增加心脑血管疾病风险!研究团队:午睡别太久,15~30分钟较好。

2022-08-05 CMT心血管 中国医学论坛报今日循环

尽量保证夜间的睡眠充足,维护心脑血管健康。频繁午睡(一周午睡超过3次及以上)或增加中老年人高血压、卒中等疾病的发生风险。

近日,《高血压》(Hypertension)杂志刊发我国学者团队最新研究成果,团队首次应用生物信息学,开展了午睡与高血压、卒中等心脑血管疾病间因果关系的大样本临床研究。

研究结果表明,频繁午睡(一周午睡超过3次及以上)或增加中老年人高血压、卒中等疾病的发生风险。

午睡难道不是个好习惯?

炎炎夏日,不少人习惯午饭后小憩一会儿,哪怕是上班族,也想争分夺秒创造条件在办公桌上眯一会儿,为下午的工作养精蓄锐。

但殊不知,经常午睡,却会增加罹患疾病的风险。这一说法,彻底颠覆了我们的传统认知,难道午睡不是一个好习惯?

7月25日,中南大学湘雅医院、国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心王锷教授团队在《高血压》(Hypertension)在线发表最新研究成果,该研究结合队列研究和孟德尔随机化方法,提示经常午睡可能是高血压和缺血性卒中发生的危险因素。

午睡与心脑血管疾病

高血压是全球中老年人因心血管疾病导致死亡的主因之一。卒中是中老年伤残发生的主要原因之一。

早期研究发现,在一天24小时中,人的血压会在午睡后升高。但午睡是否会导致高血压、卒中等心脑血管疾病的发生风险增加,学术界一直存在争议。

UK Biobank数据库招募超过50万40~69岁的英国志愿者人群,搜集受试者遗传、生活方式和健康等信息。王锷教授团队从该数据库的50万人群中,挑选出其中无高血压和卒中疾病史的35万人的10年间的随访队列,结合孟德尔随机化方法开展研究。

结果显示,频繁午睡者,比从不午睡者发生高血压的风险高出12%,发生卒中的风险高出24%。

具体来说:

与从不午睡或偶尔午睡的人相比,经常午睡的男性占比更高,并且有吸烟、日常饮酒、失眠和打鼾等行为;

与从不午睡的人相比,经常午睡的人罹患高血压的可能性要高 12%,罹患卒中的可能性要高 24%;

在年龄低于 60 岁的参与者中,经常午睡的人罹患高血压的风险比从不午睡的同龄人高 20%,在年龄高于 60 岁的参与者中,经常午睡的人罹患高血压的风险比从不午睡的人高 10%;

孟德尔随机化结果显示,如果午睡频率发生变化,比如从不午睡到偶尔午睡,或从有时午睡到经常午睡,罹患高血压的风险就会增加 40%,较高的午睡频率与高血压风险的遗传倾向有关。

论文通讯作者王锷教授表示,这一研究尽管对象为欧洲中老年人群,但因属大样本临床研究,因此具有一定的普遍提示性。不过,截至目前,午睡与高血压、卒中等疾病关联性的内在机制尚不明确,有待进一步研究。

“这些结果特别有趣,因为数以百万计的人可能喜欢在白天经常甚至每天小睡。”

那么,午睡到底好不好?

王锷教授建议

根据既往观察性研究,对于夜晚睡眠时间充足(超过7小时)的中年人来说,每日午睡有效睡眠时间在15~30分钟最佳。

既有利于保持下午的清醒,又降低心脑血管疾病发生的风险。

需要注意的是,既往研究也发现,夜晚睡眠不足,白天补觉虽不造成健康风险,但也不能完全弥补夜间睡眠不足带来的危害。

因此,研究团队呼吁:尽量保证夜间的睡眠充足,维护心脑血管健康。

END

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    2023-06-21 zhzhxiang
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