Stroke：老年人日常摄入过量盐分或增中风风险

美国研究人员认定，老年人日常摄入过量盐分可能增加中风风险。

先前研究表明，盐分摄入量过高可能导致血压升高，但盐分摄入量与心脏病和中风的关联一直未获确认和解释。

在一项历时10年、大约2700名老年志愿者参与的研究中，研究人员发现，盐分高摄入量人群患中风的几率几乎是普通人群的3倍。

路透社26日援引发表在美国《中风》杂志上的论文报道，与盐分摄入量可迅速影响血压不同，盐分对心脏病和中风的影响有长期效应，所以，寻找二者之间的关联更加困难。

世界卫生组织建议的盐分摄入量是每天不多于2000毫克。最新研究则以美国心脏病协会建议的摄入量为参照，即每天不多于1500毫克，而研究对象的平均摄入量是3031毫克。

10年间，所有研究对象中累计235人中风。具体而言，盐分摄入量高于每天4000毫克的558人中，66人中风；摄入量低于1500毫克的320人中，24人中风。

主持这项研究的论文作者汉纳·加德纳说：“高钠摄入量相当普遍，与中风关联。”他认为，虽然不能立即断定高盐是导致中风的一大原因，实例表明，低盐生活更健康

doi:10.1161/​STROKEAHA.111.641043
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Dietary Sodium and Risk of Stroke in the Northern Manhattan Study

Hannah Gardener, ScD; Tatjana Rundek, MD; Clinton B. Wright, MD; Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD; Ralph L. Sacco, MD

Background and Purpose—The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to ≤1500 mg/day for ideal cardiovascular health. Although sodium intake has been linked to vascular disease by direct relationship with hypertension, few studies have supported an association with stroke risk.

Methods—Participants were from the Northern Manhattan Study (mean age 69± 10 years, 64% women, 21% white, 53% Hispanic, 24% black), a population-based cohort study of stroke incidence. Sodium intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and evaluated continuously and categorically: ≤1500 mg/day (12%), 1501 to 2300 mg/day (24%), 2301 to 3999 mg/day (43%), and ≥4000 mg/day (21%). Over a mean follow-up of 10 years, we examined the association between sodium consumption and 235 strokes using Cox models adjusting for sociodemographics, diet, behavioral/lifestyle, and vascular risk factors.

Results—Of 2657 participants with dietary data, the mean sodium intake was 3031±1470 mg/day (median, 2787; interquartile range, 1966–3815 mg/day). Participants who consumed ≥4000 mg/day sodium had an increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.27–5.28) versus those who consumed ≤1500 mg/day with a 17% increased risk of stroke for each 500-mg/day increase (95% CI, 1.07–1.27).

Conclusions—High sodium intake was prevalent and associated with an increased risk of stroke independent of vascular risk factors. The new American Heart Association dietary sodium goals will help reduce stroke risk.