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PLOS MED:巴基斯坦的血清型1型脊髓灰质炎发病率的危险因素和短期预测:时空分析

2017-06-17 MedSci MedSci原创

目前,巴基斯坦对全球消除脊髓灰质炎提供了重大挑战,巴基斯坦,在2015年报告的脊髓灰质炎中,占据了73%,并在2016年占据了54%。更好地了解导致巴基斯坦脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的危险因素和运动模式,将有助于基于证据的大规模疫苗接种计划。

背景:目前,巴基斯坦对全球消除脊髓灰质炎提供了重大挑战,巴基斯坦,在2015年报告的脊髓灰质炎中,占据了73%,并在2016年占据了54%。更好地了解导致巴基斯坦脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的危险因素和运动模式,将有助于基于证据的大规模疫苗接种计划。

方法和结果:我们将混合效应逻辑回归模型拟合到2010年至2016年间间隔6个月的巴基斯坦地区与野生型1型脊髓灰质炎病毒相关的脊髓灰质炎存在的常规监测数据。为了准确地捕捉地区的感染力(FOI),我们比较了人口运动(相邻,重力,辐射,基于人口密度的辐射,基于旅行时间的辐射和基于手机的辐射)的6种模式。我们使用最适合的模型(根据Akaike信息标准[AIC])生成6个月的脊髓灰质炎发病率预测。观察脊髓灰质炎的可能性随着常规或补充(运动)免疫覆盖率的改变而降低(多变量优势比[OR] = 0.75,95%置信区间[CI] 0.67-0.84; OR = 0.75,95%CI 0.66-0.85 ,覆盖率每增加10%),并且非脊髓灰质炎急性松弛瘫痪率(AFP)升高(OR = 1.13,95%CI 1.02-1.26,非脊髓灰质炎AFP每10万增加1单位15岁以下的人)。估计脊髓灰质炎病毒感染个体的运动与脊髓灰质炎的发生有关,运动的辐射模型提供了最适合数据。2013 - 2016年度地区脊髓灰质炎发病率6个月预测显示良好的预测能力(曲线范围内的面积为0.76-0.98)。然而,尽管最适合的运动模型(辐射)是脊髓灰质炎发病的重要决定因素,但并没有提高多变量模型的预测能力。总体来说,在巴基斯坦,预计2016年7月至12月和2017年1月至6月期间,脊髓灰质炎病例的风险将会降低。该模型的准确性可能受到某些地区法新社案件数量的限制。

结论:免疫性能和人群运动模式的时空变化是巴基斯坦历史脊髓灰质炎发病的重要决定因素; 然而,在脊髓灰质炎地图正在缩小的时候,运动动态对预测未来的病例影响较小。 我们目前使用的回归模型的结果正用于帮助巴基斯坦计划疫苗接种运动和转运疫苗接种策略。

原文出处:

Natalie A. Molodecky,Isobel M. Blake,Nicholas C. Grassly,et al.Risk factors and short-term projections for serotype-1 poliomyelitis incidence in Pakistan: A spatiotemporal analysis.[J].PLOS Medicine:June 13, 2017. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002323

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    2017-06-18 柳叶一刀

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