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AAOS 2014:大尺寸椎弓根螺钉对胸椎椎管直径无影响

2014-03-06 佚名 丁香园

从生物力学角度讲,直径较大的椎弓根螺钉能提供更有力的固定强度,但椎弓根的膨胀或内壁破损有使椎管直径变小的潜在可能,若这种可能性真的存在,将可能引起脊髓或神经受压。本研究证实,至少对于胸椎来说,螺钉直径的增加并不会使椎管变窄,发生骨壁破损的研究对象中133例为外侧壁破损,仅1例为内侧壁破损,且未累及椎管。 已有研究证实,应用超过椎弓根直径的螺钉可以使椎弓根扩张并增加固定

背景:

从生物力学角度讲,直径较大的椎弓根螺钉能提供更有力的固定强度,但椎弓根的膨胀或内壁破损有使椎管直径变小的潜在可能,若这种可能性真的存在,将可能引起脊髓或神经受压。本研究证实,至少对于胸椎来说,螺钉直径的增加并不会使椎管变窄,发生骨壁破损的研究对象中133例为外侧壁破损,仅1例为内侧壁破损,且未累及椎管。

已有研究证实,应用超过椎弓根直径的螺钉可以使椎弓根扩张并增加固定的生物力学强度。与此技术相关的一个潜在风险是椎弓根内侧壁的扩张可能引起椎管变窄,尤其是对侧弯患者的凹侧来说,如此种风险真实存在,将导致脊髓受压。另外,即使螺钉位置无误,较大直径的螺钉也可能破坏椎弓根内侧壁。

方法:

选取7具新鲜成人冰冻尸体标本进行研究,包括81个胸椎椎体(T1-T12)共162例椎弓根,对其进行直视下测量。攻丝后逐渐增加所置入椎弓根螺钉的直径(4.0-9.5 mm)直至出现骨壁破损,整个研究共应用了938颗螺钉。在螺钉置入前后分别测量并记录冠状位椎管直径和椎弓根周长(mm),为更好地进行评估,对部分较典型的标本进行摄片和镜检,对结果进行双尾t检验。

结果:

置入螺钉前,冠状位椎管直径平均为17.7 mm(T1 20.3, T2 18.4, T3 17.0, T4 16.5, T5 15.9, T6 16.3, T7 16.6, T8 16.3, T9 16.7, T10 16.7, T11 19.7, T12 22.3),在容纳最大直径螺钉而不发生骨壁破损的情况下椎管直径平均为17.6 mm(p=0.92)(T1 21.0, T2 18.0, T3 16.7, T4 16.3, T5 15.4, T6 15.9, T7 16.6, T8 16.7, T9 16.8, T10 16.6, T11 19.2, T12 22.3),骨壁破损前所能容纳螺钉的最大直径平均为6.9 mm(T1 7.7, T2 6.5, T3 6.5, T4 5.8, T5 6.6, T6 6.5, T7 6.5, T8 5.7, T9 7.3, T10 7.7, T11 7.5, T12 7.9)。置钉前椎弓根周径平均为41.8 mm,容纳最大直径螺钉情况下增加为43.4 mm。28例椎弓根在容纳9.5 mm螺钉时仍未破损,破损的骨壁中133例为外侧壁(99.3%),仅1例为内侧壁(0.7%)。

结论:

至少对于胸椎来说,螺钉直径的增加会导致椎弓根直径的扩张,但不会改变椎管直径,在发生破损的骨壁中,绝大多数为外侧壁,仅1例为内侧。

原始出处:

Samuel K. Cho,Young Lu,Lawrence G. Lenke.The Effect of Increasing Pedicle Screw Diameter on Thoracic Spinal Canal Dimensions.AAOS Mar 13, 2014

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    2014-07-31 yinhl1978
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    2014-03-08 yyj065

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