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Neurosurgery:柔性内窥镜提高了经鼻蝶窦入路鞍旁手术的自由度

2014-06-13 佚名 丁香园

处理垂体及鞍旁病变时,内窥镜下经鼻经蝶窦手术是一项越来越受欢迎的手术方法。然而,该手术方法是一个技术挑战,容易导致外科医生沮丧,因为长的、 拥挤的、 狭窄的操作通道使得器械之间容易发生冲突和"刀剑战斗".这种冲突降低外科手术的自由度、 增加手术医生的挫折感,以及延长了学员的学习曲线。其中,器械冲突容易发生在手术通道的几个地方。比如内窥镜后端的摄像机和电缆干扰外科医生的双手,不利于进行切割和吸引。内

处理垂体及鞍旁病变时,内窥镜下经鼻经蝶窦手术是一项越来越受欢迎的手术方法。然而,该手术方法是一个技术挑战,容易导致外科医生沮丧,因为长的、 拥挤的、 狭窄的操作通道使得器械之间容易发生冲突和"刀剑战斗".这种冲突降低外科手术的自由度、 增加手术医生的挫折感,以及延长了学员的学习曲线。其中,器械冲突容易发生在手术通道的几个地方。比如内窥镜后端的摄像机和电缆干扰外科医生的双手,不利于进行切割和吸引。内窥镜轴和器械的运动受到鼻前庭、 中鼻甲,以及蝶窦、筛窦后与鼻中隔的骨质移除数量的限制。

美国亚利桑那州菲尼克斯市巴罗神经科学研究所圣约瑟夫医院医疗中心神经外科的Andrew S. Little博士进行了一项研究,提示内窥镜下经鼻入路到达鞍旁区域时,相比于刚性内窥镜,柔性内窥镜可以增加手术自由度,文章最近在线发表于Neurosurgery上。

为了评价柔性内窥镜对经内窥镜入路到达鞍旁区域的手术自由度的影响。研究人员在八具注入彩色硅酮、福尔马林固定的尸头上,使用刚性和柔性两种三维内窥镜,分别进行单鼻孔和双鼻孔内窥镜下经蝶窦入路到达垂体腺和海绵窦颈内动脉的操作。使用基于图像引导建立的技术来评估目标为鞍旁区域的手术自由度。其中,三个测量指标作为结果进行对比:点目标的手术自由度的面积,手术区域的面积(海绵窦颈内动脉和蝶鞍)和各个方向的手术自由度的角度(迎角)。

研究结果显示,在使用柔性内窥镜入路时,点目标的手术自由度、 暴露区域的手术自由度和迎角这三者都表现出显著的优势。相比于刚性内窥镜,其增加的优势达到17%至 28%之间(p 值为 0.06, < 0.001)。值得注意的是,柔性内窥镜的手术自由度得到改善,是由于器械与内窥镜之间的冲突达到最小化,这表现在内窥镜的后端 (摄像机) 和前端 (尖端)。

综上所述,研究人员比较分析了在到达鞍旁区域的手术入路中,使用刚性三维内窥镜和柔性三维内窥镜的手术自由度。使用了三个手术自由度的测量指标,发现柔性内窥镜的应用,显著提高了所有三项测量指标的手术自由度,提高的幅度从 17%到 29%.手术自由度的改善是限制内窥镜与器械在内窥镜的前端(尖端)和后端 (摄像机)发生冲突的结果。本研究表明,柔性内窥镜在经蝶窦入路到达鞍旁区域的手术应用中,降低了器械与内窥镜之间的冲突,提高了手术的自由度。

原始出处:


Elhadi AM1, Zaidi HA, Hardesty DA, Williamson R, Cavallo C, Preul MC, Nakaji P, Little AS.Malleable Endoscope Increases Surgical Freedom When Compared to a Rigid Endoscope in Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Parasellar Region.Neurosurgery. 2014 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2014-12-26 chg121
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