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血气分析如何判断动脉血、静脉血?

2018-05-02 黄驰 检验在线

血气分析(BG)通过测定人体血液的H+浓度和溶解在血液中的气体(主要指CO2、O2),来了解人体呼吸功能与酸碱平衡状态的一种手段,它能直接反映肺换气功能及其酸碱平衡状态。采用的标本常为动脉血。临床上常碰到在穿刺过程中误取了静脉血标本,那么静脉血标本可以做血气分析吗?做出来的血气分析结果能反映病人的病情变化吗?能否从血气分析结果上辨别出血标本是静脉血还是动脉血呢?


编辑:湖北省中西医结合医院医学检验科   湖北省新华医院检验科

血气分析(BG)通过测定人体血液的H+浓度和溶解在血液中的气体(主要指CO2、O2),来了解人体呼吸功能与酸碱平衡状态的一种手段,它能直接反映肺换气功能及其酸碱平衡状态。采用的标本常为动脉血。临床上常碰到在穿刺过程中误取了静脉血标本,那么静脉血标本可以做血气分析吗?做出来的血气分析结果能反映病人的病情变化吗?能否从血气分析结果上辨别出血标本是静脉血还是动脉血呢?

01静脉血气的特点

静脉血气不仅能反映肺脏气体交换功能,还反映组织气体交换和机体酸碱状况。正常情况下,静脉血的 PO2 降低明显,PH 值与动脉血相近,PCO2 比动脉血略高(4-5 mmHg 左右)。但危重症患者,特别是处于循环功能衰竭的状态下动静脉血气会出现动静脉血气酸碱分离现象。这时动脉血气分析不能正确反映组织酸碱状态,而静脉血气分析才能发现严重的甚至致命的组织酸中毒。

02静脉血气值的参数

a. 静脉 PO2 正常值为 40±3 mmHg,如果混合静脉低 PO2 于 28 mmHg 常伴有乳酸酸中毒,组织灌注不足。临床上常用 28 mmHg 作为临床值。

b. 静脉正常 PCO2 值为 40~50 mmHg,与动脉 PCO2 差异不大,但在心排血量降低等情况下其结果不同。

c. 静脉 PH 正常值为 7.35~7.45,与动脉 PH 差异不大。只有病人动脉血呈低碳酸血症、呼吸性碱中毒,静脉血会呈高碳酸血症、呼吸性酸中毒,这时动脉与混合静脉血的 PH 的相差增大。

d. 静脉血氧饱和度正常值为 65%~75%。

03鉴别动静脉血气的 2 大方法

方法一:从外观上区分

动脉血颜色较鲜红,且随脉搏搏动可见注射器内液面搏动。但当病人外周循环较差时搏动不明显;严重缺氧时动脉血颜色也较深,就比较难区分了。

方法二:监测血氧饱和度

危重病人一般都有心电监测和无创氧饱和度监测(SPO2),记录抽血气时的无创氧饱和度数值,再与血气检验结果中的血氧饱和度相比较,相差 5% 以内的视为所抽血为动脉血。

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    2018-12-26 xue8602
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    2019-02-07 fusion
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    2018-05-03 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-02 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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