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CSC&OCC 2015:MedSci专访张建教授--心源性休克的诊治进展

2015-09-16 MedSci MedSci原创

张建教授是首都医科大学血管外科研究所所长、首都医科大学附属宣武医院院长。他从事心血管外科临床、科研、教学二十余年。擅长复杂先天性心脏病、瓣膜外科及大血管疾病的诊断和手术治疗。并在介入治疗如血管狭窄性病变的扩张、支架等微创治疗方面具有较高水平。9月11日,在CSC&OCC 2015大会现场,MedSci有幸采访到了张建教授,张建教授对心源性休克的诊治进展进行了介绍,采访内容如下:MedSci:张

张建教授是首都医科大学血管外科研究所所长、首都医科大学附属宣武医院院长。他从事心血管外科临床、科研、教学二十余年。擅长复杂先天性心脏病、瓣膜外科及大血管疾病的诊断和手术治疗。并在介入治疗如血管狭窄性病变的扩张、支架等微创治疗方面具有较高水平。


9月11日,在CSC&OCC 2015大会现场,MedSci有幸采访到了张建教授,张建教授对心源性休克的诊治进展进行了介绍,采访内容如下:



MedSci:张建教授,您好!您能大概介绍一些下午的议题的主要内容吗?


张建:可以。今天下午的议题的主要内容是心源性休克的诊治进展。心源性休克仍然是心血管疾病中最危险的一个疾病,也是心力衰竭中天最受重视的一个疾病​。这么多年来心源性休克的发生率依然还是比较高的,从流行病学的角度来讲,心源性休克在欧美的发生率是在5%-8%,我们中国目前没有一个非常明确的心源性休克的相关统计资料。​然而目前国内的临床实践中,应该不少于美国。心源性休克的死亡率的是最高的,基本上到现在仍然保持在50%到80%左右,心源性休克的危害是极大的。


我今天关于心源性休克的议题的具体内容包括以下几个方面:第一,如何诊断和认识心源性休克。目前依然最主要的问题是,​很多的大夫现在还不能对心源性休克做出一个早期的判断​的。我们要提出早认识、早判断,这样才能使病人得救。如果等到病人已经出现皮肤湿冷、血压下降、无尿、昏迷,此时几乎是抢救也无效了,这个时候就是认识得太晚了,所以必须强调早认识。


第二、药物治疗的相关介绍。在心源性休克的抢救过程中,药物治疗的关键是如何用好升压药和正性肌力药。这是心源性休克抢救的过程中最关键的两点。包括儿茶酚胺类和磷酸二酯酶类​的正性肌力药物,左西孟旦类钙离子增敏剂,还有一些相关的升压类药物的使用。升压类的药物是老药,但是如何把它恰当地使用好,这是一个技巧问题,​也是决定了病人在这个治疗过程中,能否成功的一个重要的一个方面。这里强调使用多巴胺的剂量:在多巴胺的大剂量的时候,应该怎么样合理的使用去甲肾上腺素。不同儿茶酚胺类的药物对病人的阿尔法受体和贝塔受体的刺激强度的不同,因此,在病人的不同的阶段,恰当的去选择不同的儿茶酚胺类的正性肌力药物和升压药物,从而提高救治病人的效果。


第三、在科学进步方面。这些年来最大的进步来就是辅助装置的进步,在我们的临床中间,已经普遍的使用了主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),特别是对于缺血性心脏病的病人的救治起到了非常重要的作用。近些年来,我们也尝试在一些非心源性心肌病的病人的休克的时候做了一些应用,那么对病人还是有一定的帮助。当然,现在也有不同的声音。​在去年ESC会议上,对主动脉内球囊反搏到底有没有用,也是提出了一些其他的见地,然而我们在临床中使用还是认为IABP是有用的。


第四、心源性休克病人的肾脏保护。这些病人的肾脏保护特别强调了超滤的使用,特别强调了持续低流量超滤,对病人稳定学的动力学是有帮助的,不能像肾脏透析、血液净化一样,那会给病人的血流动力学有很大影响,这会使病人存活不下来。另外,还特别强调的一些最新辅助装置的使用,经皮辅助装置,如Impella​ LP2.5和LP5.0、LP4.0等左心辅助装置的使用,以及目前使用的一些结果。还有pECMO(经皮体外膜式氧合器,percutaneous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation​)​,也就是体外膜肺,在病人身上的使用和使用经验。


2000年pECMO由我国阜外医院引进以后,尤其是2006年阜外内科病房首先使用之后,pECMO​在我国的使用越来越多,目前已经累积了大量的使用经验,这对抢救病人起到了很好的作用。在这里还介绍的一些真正的左心辅助装置,长期的或者是阶段性的左心辅助装置,包括了HeartmateⅡ​ 、HeartWare​及Novacor​。还有国内设计的新的辅助泵,国内的许多医院也都尝试和设计了,目前进行到临床试验方面的就包括FW-Ⅱ型​,期待我国的左心辅助装置的研制能够取得更大的进步。在未来不久来,能够尽早的用在了国内的临床实践当中去,能够解救病人,同时减低左心辅助装置给病人带来的经济负担。以上就是我今天即将讲解的主要内容。


MedSci:内容肯定会很多很丰富。然后目前我们亟待解决的问题的什么?您认为关于心源性休克的下一步的计划是什么?


张建:第一方面:加强教育。首先,要提高广大医生对于心源性休克的认识水平,让他们尽早地提前认识,以此来减少心源性休克的终末期。第二方面来:要提高大家的工作的技巧。实际都是老药,都是医生手头的这些药品,我们怎么样合理恰当的用到病人身上是需要技巧的。我们要给花很大的力气来教医生,如何去判断病人的病情,​再根据病人的病情合理地选择用药。最后一点是用好左心辅助装置。不管是我们已经使用过的,还是我们将要使用的,希望这些左心室辅助装置能为更多的病人提供更多的救治机会。​甚至我们将来可以把它从短期的、阶段性的服务发展到作为一个桥梁,过渡到心脏移植等。


让大家更加熟悉和掌握这些基础知识,以及最恰当的一个适应征,即是既不让病人有大的花费,减轻病人的家庭负担,减轻国家的医疗负担,同时提高病人的生存率和生活质量。


MedSci:张教授,关于您刚提到进行继续教育,让医生加深心源性休克的认识,像我们这次大会的继续教育论坛就是一个很好的途径,但是对于一些基层医生,尤其是偏远地区的乡镇医生,他们几乎没有机会参加这种大型的会议。对于这些医生的继续学习,张主任您有什么认识?


张建:第一、我们现在有许多现成的东西,我们中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会已经成立了,以及我们原有的中华医学会、心血管病分会的心力衰竭学组、以及信息协会的心力衰竭专业委员会等等着重于心衰​的几个学会,都在开展一些基层的教育。我们都会走到基层去,向大家宣讲。在今年3月份,我已经牵头了一个国家心血管病中心领头的叫COE项目,也就是中国心力衰竭规范化诊疗推广项目,我们已经在上海在广州,在各地建设点建立了一些中心,而且由这些中心辐射了很多的基层的医院,希望通过这种方式来更多的普及教育。第二、中国医师协会的心力衰竭专业委员会已经建成了心力衰竭网和心率衰竭平台。​通过网络和平台,我们发布许多免费的在线教程,这些课程从基础知识到最新的研究介绍都包括在内。第三、我们正在成立一个国际心衰学院网络,我们当将会通过种种的这种方式,来普及这种教育,能把这些新的知识,介绍给大家,能让大家把基础的知识掌握的更好。能够在基层的医院管理好病人,能够在大的医院的抢救好病人,真正实现我们一个联动,互动的网络。使病人的救治得到提高。


MedSci:​​恩,这个非常好。我们梅斯集团也是一个以提高医疗质量为目标的平台。谢谢老师的采访!


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    2015-09-18 zhaojie88
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    2015-09-18 mhm295
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急性心肌梗死病人院内死亡的主要病因是心源性休克。血管完整性被破坏后能导致休克临床表现和严重后果。血管生成素1可以保护血管,避免炎症反应和通透性改变,而血管生成素2则破坏内皮屏障功能。血管生成素1或2之间的失衡以及与血流动力学恶化、病人预后的关系都不明确。因此,德国Andreas Link研究小组对此在心源性休克病人中进行了前瞻性评估。结果发现,循环血管生成素是血管完整性破坏、组织低灌注低氧血症等的

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