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美国FDA增加密固达(唑来膦酸)新禁忌证

2011-11-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

美国食品药品管理局(FDA)发布药品安全性信息称,已批准更新密固达(唑来膦酸)的产品说明书,以更好地告知医疗专业人员和患者肾功能衰竭风险的信息。肾功能衰竭是有发生肾损害危险因素的患者服用密固达而发生的罕见的、严重的不良反应。FDA已接到密固达服用后发生需要透析或致死的急性肾功能衰竭的报告。 唑来膦酸被批准用于癌症相关的适应证,以商品名择泰(Zometa)和密固达销售,上述内容只在密固达的说明书中

美国食品药品管理局(FDA)发布药品安全性信息称,已批准更新密固达(唑来膦酸)的产品说明书,以更好地告知医疗专业人员和患者肾功能衰竭风险的信息。肾功能衰竭是有发生肾损害危险因素的患者服用密固达而发生的罕见的、严重的不良反应。FDA已接到密固达服用后发生需要透析或致死的急性肾功能衰竭的报告。

唑来膦酸被批准用于癌症相关的适应证,以商品名择泰(Zometa)和密固达销售,上述内容只在密固达的说明书中进行了更新。择泰和密固达的说明书的警告和注意栏里已经对其肾毒性进行了警示。对患肾损害的患者也提出了减量使用的建议。

FDA在2009年1月进行的上市后评估中发现了5例使用密固达后因急性肾功能衰竭死亡的病例。基于这次评估结果,2009年3月对密固达说明书的警告和注意栏进行了更新,建议每次密固达给药前测定血肌酐的浓度,并添加了临床试验中发现肾损害的报告。FDA于2009年发表的一篇药物安全性通讯中也报告了肾损害和急性肾功能衰竭的上市后病例。

在2009年3月的说明书更新后,FDA通过不良反应报告系统(AERS)持续收到肾功能衰竭的报告。2011年4月进行的后续评估进一步发现了11例注入密固达后急性肾功能衰竭致死的病例及9例需要透析的肾损伤病例。

基于AERS提供的病例信息,FDA得出结论认为,应在密固达的说明书中增加已确定的几个促进密固达肾毒性的危险因素。发生肾功能衰竭的危险因素包括潜在的中度或重度肾损害、与密固达同时服用具有肾损伤(肾毒性)的药物或利尿药、或服用密固达前后患有重度脱水。其中,有潜在肾损害的患者发生肾功能衰竭的风险随年龄的增加而增加。FDA认为,医疗专业人员进行适当的患者选择及监测,可降低不良反应发生的可能性,从而确保密固达的安全使用。

此次药品说明书的更新将通过向医疗专业人员提供最新的处方信息及患者监护而增强密固达的安全使用。更新后的说明书提示密固达禁用于肌酐清除率低于 35毫升/分的患者或者有急性肾损伤迹象的患者。说明书还建议医疗专业人员在给予密固达前应筛选患者,以发现处于危险中的患者,并监测服用密固达的患者的肾功能。

患者的密固达使用指南也将更新,以包含这一肾损害的风险。此外,密固达的生产企业还将发送致医生信,以告知这一危险信息。

FDA提醒医疗专业人员:

密固达用于肌酐清除率低于35毫升/分的患者或者有急性肾损害迹象的患者是禁忌的;

在密固达给药前应继续对患者进行筛选,以发现那些患有潜在急性或慢性肾损害、高龄或脱水的患者。有潜在肾损害的患者发生肾功能衰竭的风险最高。对这些患者应谨慎使用密固达;

患有由发热、败血症、胃肠道损伤或利尿治疗等引发的潜在肾疾患和脱水的患者发生急性肾功能衰竭的风险增加。有潜在肾损害的患者发生肾功能衰竭的风险随年龄的增加而增加;

每次给药前需计算肌酐清除率。对有风险的患者,在密固达给药后还应间歇监测肌酐清除率。肌酐清除率应根据实际体重使用Cockcroft-Gault公式计算。(FDA网站)

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