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盘点:2018年5月第2期BMJ研究精选

2018-05-14 zhangfan MedSci原创

BMJ

2018年5月第2期BMJ研究精选



【1】教育及锻炼是最有效的臀肌病治疗手段


近日研究人员考察了负荷管理教育联合运动对臀肌腱病患者疼痛与全身症状的效果。

髋痛超过3个月、疼痛评分4分以上、临床诊断和磁共振成像证实的臀肌病患者参与研究。患者随机接受为期8周,共14次的理疗指导教育和锻炼方案(EDX;n=69)、1次皮质类固醇注射(CSI;n=66)或观察(WS;n=69)。主要终点是髋关节症状变化、疼痛强度以及长期随访结果。

204名患者参与研究,平均年龄54.8岁。8周后EDX组51人、CSI组38人以及WS组20人报告髋关节症状改善。8周疼痛强度评估,EDX组为1.5分、CSI组为2.7分、WS组为3.8分。随访52周后,EDX组51人、CSI组36人以及WS组31人报告髋关节症状改善;52周疼痛强度评估,EDX组为2.1分、CSI组为2.3分、WS组为3.2分。

【2】经皮椎体成形术对急性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疼痛的治疗效果不佳


近日研究人员考察了经皮椎体成形术对急性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者疼痛的缓解效果。

180名急性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者参与研究,其中91人接受手术治疗,89人对照。在参与者椎弓根皮下注射利多卡因和布比卡因,椎体成形术组接受骨水泥治疗。研究的主要终点是术后1天、1周以及1、3、6、12个月后直观模拟标度尺(VAS)疼痛变化,次要终点包括生活质量以及Roland-Morris残疾评分变化。

与基线相比,手术组与对照组VAS得分显著下降,但12个月随访发现,组间VAS得分及次要终点差异不显著。组间止痛药(非阿片类、弱类阿片、强类阿片)的使用较基线减少,但无显著差异。

【3】慢性丙型肝炎的直接抗病毒治疗


全球范围内,约有7100万人慢性丙型肝炎感染者,每年有近400000名患者因肝硬化和肝癌死亡。在美国HCV感染是最常见的慢性肝病以及肝移植因素。

直接抗病毒药物,通过抑制病毒复制过程,为HCV治愈带来新希望。目前经8-24周的口服治疗即可实现HCV治愈。影响HCV治疗方案的因素很多,包括病毒基因型、病毒是否突变、病史、疾病程度、药物获得、先前疗法以及不良事件等。

美国肝病研究协会、欧洲肝脏研究协会和世界卫生组织指南建议慢性HCV感染人群应尽早接受直接抗病毒治疗。成功治疗的标准为持续病毒学应答,即在治疗结束后12-24周内血液中的HCV RNA检测为阴性。

虽然直接抗病毒药物取得了极大的成功,但HCV的治疗仍存在一定的问题:首先,直接抗病毒药物价格昂贵,难以普遍推广;其次没有足够的证据表明药物治疗能降低慢性丙型肝炎的死亡率或其他与肝脏有关的并发症,患者临床效益仍需长期考察。

【4】难民中创伤后应激障碍的识别


病例如下:

35岁男性,因地区武装冲突而被迫迁徙成为难民,因持续头痛就诊。经诊断为紧张性头痛,经镇痛剂治疗后症状缓解,但患者睡眠质量较差,经常做噩梦,醒来时感到焦虑和出汗。

被迫迁移人群患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的风险较高,这部分人群脆弱且敏感,与医生之间的信任程度低,不愿意就创伤细节进行交流,极大程度上阻碍了PTSD的诊断。PTSD患者通常伴随其他的精神疾病症状。若患者存在以下风险因素和症状,包括再体验、回避、过度觉醒、对当前威胁的高度敏感以及持续1个月以上的日常生活工作困难,则可以考虑为PTSD。对于已确诊PTSD患者,同时应考虑其亲属的患病风险。

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    2019-03-28 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848517, encodeId=9370184851ed8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 28 22:16:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315931, encodeId=c2233159310d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu May 17 08:54:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315327, encodeId=74b131532e9e, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue May 15 11:10:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315278, encodeId=eb5b3152e880, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:42:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315264, encodeId=e39a315264a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:28:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-17 yfjms

    学习

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848517, encodeId=9370184851ed8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 28 22:16:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315931, encodeId=c2233159310d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu May 17 08:54:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315327, encodeId=74b131532e9e, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue May 15 11:10:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315278, encodeId=eb5b3152e880, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:42:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315264, encodeId=e39a315264a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:28:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-15 sunfeifeiyang

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848517, encodeId=9370184851ed8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 28 22:16:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315931, encodeId=c2233159310d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu May 17 08:54:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315327, encodeId=74b131532e9e, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue May 15 11:10:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315278, encodeId=eb5b3152e880, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:42:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315264, encodeId=e39a315264a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:28:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-15 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848517, encodeId=9370184851ed8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 28 22:16:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315931, encodeId=c2233159310d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu May 17 08:54:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315327, encodeId=74b131532e9e, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Tue May 15 11:10:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315278, encodeId=eb5b3152e880, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:42:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315264, encodeId=e39a315264a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue May 15 07:28:03 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-15 yfjms

    学习

    0

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