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Molecular Cell : 进展!高彩霞/王延鹏开发出高精准胞嘧啶碱基编辑工具

2020-07-29 椰子 iNature

胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(CBE)在基因组靶位点产生C-T核苷酸取代,而不会引起双链断裂。但是,诸如BE3的CBE可以通过不依赖sgRNA的DNA脱氨作用而引起全基因组脱靶变化。

胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(CBE)在基因组靶位点产生C-T核苷酸取代,而不会引起双链断裂。但是,诸如BE3的CBE可以通过不依赖sgRNA的DNA脱氨作用而引起全基因组脱靶变化。

2020年7月27日,中国科学院遗传发育研究所高彩霞及王延鹏共同通讯在Molecular Cell 在线发表题为“Rationally Designed APOBEC3B Cytosine BaseEditors with Improved Specificity”的研究论文,该研究通过利用SaCas9切口酶产生的正交R环模拟更易受胞苷脱氨酶影响的主动转录的基因组位点,研究人员建立了高通量测定方法,用于评估水稻原生质体中CBE的不依赖sgRNA的脱靶效应。水稻中10个碱基编辑器的全基因组测序(WGS)证实了该测定的可靠性。R环测定法用于筛选一系列合理设计的A3Bctd-BE3变体,以提高特异性。该研究获得了2个有效的CBE变体A3Bctd-VHM-BE3和A3Bctd-KKR-BE3,WGS分析表明,这些新的CBE消除了水稻植物中不依赖sgRNA的DNA脱靶编辑。而且,这两个碱基编辑器变体通过产生较少的C编辑,在其目标位置更加精确。

总之,该工作结合基于结构信息的蛋白理性设计、植物个体全基因组脱靶检测技术和高通量R-loop脱靶检测技术,进一步提高了单碱基编辑的精确性,开发出的两种能保持高编辑效率且无随机脱靶效应的CBE变体,为基因治疗和植物分子设计育种提供了强有力的工具支撑。

胞嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(CBEs和ABEs)可在基因组DNA中产生高效的目标点突变而不会引起双链DNA断裂,已用于临床治疗,农业和研究中。当前的CBE(例如BE3)将切口酶型Cas9(nCas9)蛋白与脱氨酶域和尿嘧啶糖基化酶抑制剂(UGI)融合在一起,在导向RNA(gRNA)的位点催化胞嘧啶向胸腺嘧啶的转化。

先前使用全基因组测序(WGS)的研究表明,BE3诱导水稻,小鼠和人类细胞中脱靶C-to-T变化。这些突变独立于单向导RNA(sgRNA)-Cas9编程的DNA结合,并富集在基因组的转录区域中。它们可能是由于胞嘧啶脱氨基酶对单链DNA(ssDNA)的高度亲和力。这种高亲和力也会影响靶标活性的精确度,因此如果靶位点内或靶位周围存在多个胞嘧啶,大多数CBE都会产生多个C突变。这些独立于sgRNA的脱靶编辑和旁观者效应限制了CBE的应用。

最近,针对大肠杆菌和人类细胞,开发了几种快速且经济高效的方法来筛选不同CBE的不依赖sgRNA的脱氨活性。使用这些方法,发现碱基编辑器BE4的几种衍生物,例如EE-BE4,YE1-BE4,YE2-BE4和YEE-BE4,在人类细胞中显示出降低的sgRNA非依赖性脱靶活性;但是,这些方法尚未在植物细胞中得到验证。

对于该研究,通过利用SaCas9切口酶产生的正交R环模拟更易受胞苷脱氨酶影响的主动转录的基因组位点,研究人员建立了高通量测定方法,用于评估水稻原生质体中CBE的不依赖sgRNA的脱靶效应。水稻中10个碱基编辑器的全基因组测序(WGS)证实了该测定的可靠性。R环测定法用于筛选一系列合理设计的A3Bctd-BE3变体,以提高特异性。

该研究获得了2个有效的CBE变体A3Bctd-VHM-BE3和A3Bctd-KKR-BE3,WGS分析表明,这些新的CBE消除了水稻植物中不依赖sgRNA的DNA脱靶编辑。而且,这两个碱基编辑器变体通过产生较少的C编辑,在其目标位置更加精确。

总而言之,该研究扩展了nSaCas9介导的正交R环测定法在植物中CBE的sgRNA独立脱靶编辑活性评估中的应用,并通过WGS对其进行了验证。该测定法能够快速筛选一系列合理设计的A3Bctd-BE3变体,以减少不依赖sgRNA的脱靶活性,并产生A3Bctd-BE3的VHM和KKR变体,其表现出有效的C-T碱基编辑,几乎没有独立于sgRNA的脱靶活性。 本研究中提出的框架可广泛用于评估新开发的碱基编辑的脱靶活性以及筛选工作以开发具有更高特异性和准确性的碱基编辑器。

原始出处:

ShuaiJin,HongyuanFei,ZixuZhu,et al.Rationally Designed APOBEC3B Cytosine Base Editors with Improved Specificity.Molecular Cell.Available online 27 July 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.005

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