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四肢网状红斑对称分布 遇冷水后加重怎么回事?

2019-02-12 赵俊英 王增芳 专家会诊中心病例讨论精选

16岁女学生,四肢对称性青斑10年,无明显自觉症状。冬季及遇冷水后加重,未引起重视。您了解这种少见的血管收缩性疾病吗?

16岁女学生,四肢对称性青斑10年,无明显自觉症状。冬季及遇冷水后加重,未引起重视。您了解这种少见的血管收缩性疾病吗?

患者,女,16岁,学生。

主诉:四肢对称性青斑10年,无明显自觉症状。

现病史:患者10年前无明显诱因出现双小腿皮肤颜色变化,呈紫红色,树枝状,无畏寒、发热、疼痛等自觉症状,自觉冬季及遇冷水后加重,未引起重视。后逐渐发现双上肢前臂、臀部、双侧大腿亦出现类似皮疹,就诊于我院皮肤病专家会诊中心。患者自发病以来,饮食睡眠可,大小便正常。

既往史、家族史:1年前发现贫血,血红蛋白最低降至8.8g/L,口服铁剂后正常,目前复查正常。家族中无类似病史。

体格检查

一般情况:一般情况可,发育正常,系统检查无特殊。

专科情况:双前臂、臀部、双侧下肢呈对称分布之网状红斑,不高出皮面,无溃疡、渗出、结痂,足背动脉搏动好(图1)。


图1 双侧下肢呈对称分布之网状红斑

辅助检查

血常规、尿常规、便常规均正常。胸片正常。

讨论目的

该患者10年病史,因不影响生活,未重视,近来因有加重趋势,故就诊于皮肤病专家会诊中心,明确诊断及治疗。

讨论内容

该患者为16岁女性,约6岁发病;皮损发生于双下肢,渐累及双前臂、臀部,无明显自觉症状,自觉冬季及遇冷水后加重;皮科检查:双前臂、臀部、双侧下肢呈对称分布之网状红斑,不高出皮面,无溃疡、渗出、结痂,足背动脉搏动好;辅助检查均正常;根据典型的临床表现及症状,可以诊断为网状青斑,需与以下疾病鉴别:

1.过敏性紫癜

由于血管炎引起血液和血浆外渗,表现为淤点、淤斑,常成群发生,多无明显自觉症状,部分患者伴肠道症状或关节痛的表现,病程约4~6周,但常复发。

2.青斑血管炎

又称白色萎缩或阶段性透明性血管炎,常见于中青年女性,损害好发于小腿下部、足背部,是一种以小腿及踝部紫癜、坏死、溃疡、白色萎缩斑、毛细血管扩张和色素增加为特征的疾病。病理改变是真皮浅层毛细血管腔及管壁纤维蛋白样物质沉积,形成血栓,血管壁出现坏死,红细胞外逸。

3.肢端青紫症

本病有家族史,女性发病率高,冬季发病,皮疹多位于手足趾(指),是遇冷后手足部皮肤呈对称性持续性青紫色、凉冷,多汗、温暖后能缓解。

4.色素性紫癜性皮炎

好发于中年以上,以男性居多,病因多为患肢静脉压力增高导致静脉回流受阻,导致血液成分外溢。皮疹反复发作,后期色素沉着或伴苔藓化改变。

最终诊断:网状青斑。

治疗经过

专家治疗意见:

1.注意保暖;2.潘生丁25mg,每日两次,VitC 0.1g,每日三次,VitE 10mg,每日一次,口服;3.口服中药:生熟地各15g,赤芍10g,怀牛膝10g,川芎10g,当归12g,桃仁10g,柴胡10g,枳实10g,甘草10g。

治疗半年后追踪,患者口服20付中药后双上肢皮疹消失,双下肢皮疹较前明显减轻。

讨论

网状青斑(livedo reticularis)又称树枝状青斑、环状青斑、网状紫斑,是一种少见的血管收缩性疾病,主要是由广泛的皮肤微动脉痉挛引起皮肤缺血,而毛细血管和静脉的无力性扩张以及局部循环的淤滞,导致皮肤出现青紫色网状斑纹的临床特点。病因有很多,至今尚未完全明确,主要有先天性、对冷的生理反应、特发性、继发性,唐亚娟等曾报道过一例金刚烷胺导致网状青斑,也有高温引起网状青斑3例的报道。国内赵辨主编的《临床皮肤病学》将此病分为四型:大理石样皮肤,特发性网状青斑,继发性网状青斑,先天性网状青斑。

本病缺乏特效治疗方法。国内常采用以下方法:①症状较轻的大理石样皮斑无需特殊治疗,可用保暖减轻症状,特发性常用血管扩张剂盐酸酚苄明和环甲基扁桃酸治疗,活血化瘀的中成药复方丹参也可试用;②重症者,报道用静脉封闭、股动脉封闭和交感神经节阻滞等方法;③对有原发病者,应积极对因治疗,同时辅以对症处理最为合适。

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    2022-07-25 ms1000002126058727

    我家孩子也是这个症状

    0

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    2022-07-25 ms1000002126058727

    我想咨询一下在哪里治疗的

    0

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    2019-02-14 zhouqu_8
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    2019-02-13 SCI我的梦

    谢谢分享,认真学习。涨了不少知识。

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