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NEJM:非发达地区初级医疗机构结核病现场诊断的可行性研究

2021-12-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在乌干达社区医疗中心开展结核病现场分子检测和治疗大幅提高了患者诊断率及治疗率,对消除非发达地区结核病负担发挥关键作用

及时诊断和治疗对消除结核病至关重要,然而在结核病风险较高地区,患者的随访丢失率极高。系统回顾研究显示,13-18%的痰涂片检查阳性患者在治疗开始前即失去随访,随后的诊断、护理与治疗更无从谈起。痰涂片显微镜检查是结核诊断的最常用方法,需要专业技术人员且敏感性欠佳,只能识别出大约50%的结核病患者,确诊依赖上级医疗机构的分子检测,患者通常需要多次就诊才能完成检测,许多患者由于直接和间接费用因素放弃治疗。近日研究人员考察了在一线医疗机构,开展结核病现场诊断的可行性。

本次研究在多个乌干达社区卫生中心进行,随机开展结核病多组分诊断策略(包含结核病现场分子检测,临床治疗工作流程指导以及月度质量指标反馈)或常规护理(现场痰涂片镜检查和上级医院分子检测确证),为16个月。研究的主要终点为14天内结核病患者诊断数,次要终点结核病检测完成率、当日诊断和当日治疗率。

总计20个社区卫生中心参与研究,各组10个中心,10644名接受筛查的参与者,参与者平均年龄40岁,女性占60.1%,HIV阳性率占43.8%。多组分诊断策略大大提高了14天内患者确诊及就诊率(10个干预中心342名vs对照中心220名患者确诊就诊,RR=1.56)。与对照中心相比,干预中心检测完成率(RR=1.85)、当日诊断率(RR=1.89)以及确诊当日治疗率(RR=2.38)大大提高。706名结核确诊患者中,与对照组相比,干预组在当日治疗率(RR=2.29)以及14天后复诊率(RR=1.22)方面有优势。

现场诊断大幅提高结核病的诊断及治疗效率

研究发现,在乌干达社区医疗中心开展结核病现场分子检测和治疗大幅提高了患者诊断率及治疗率,对消除非发达地区结核病负担发挥关键作用

原始出处:

Adithya Cattamanchi et al. Multicomponent Strategy with Decentralized Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med,December 23,2021.

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    2021-12-27 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    学习

    0

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    2021-12-25 王江军

    科技兴军

    0

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    2021-12-24 ms5000000518166734

    学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习学习

    0

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