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面部水肿竟有可能是肿瘤的前兆!

2017-08-22 朱嘉芷 环球医学

男57岁,起初仅面部水肿,其他未显示异常未予特殊处理,之后面部水肿有加重趋势,病情不断加重,最后竟诊断为纵隔肿瘤,伴附近淋巴结转移,已无法手术治疗。其疾病是怎样一步步恶化的呢?为何自初诊至明确诊断经历了3~4个月的时间?

男57岁,起初仅面部水肿,其他未显示异常未予特殊处理,之后面部水肿有加重趋势,病情不断加重,最后竟诊断为纵隔肿瘤,伴附近淋巴结转移,已无法手术治疗。其疾病是怎样一步步恶化的呢?为何自初诊至明确诊断经历了3~4个月的时间?

一位男性病人,57岁。因一个半月来发现面部水肿,胀感,但下肢不肿;无腰痛,排尿正常,夜间能平卧,食欲和大小便正常,也无明显消瘦或体重上升。查体除面部似有轻度水肿外,心肺肝脾均未见异常,EKG及肝肾功能正常,尿常规无蛋白,甲状腺功能正常。因心肝肾及内分泌系统均未发现器质性病变,故未予以特殊处理。约3~4周后患者又来诊,述面部水肿有加重趋势,伴心悸,乏力,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难,能平卧。当时体检发现心率快,心律不齐,肝脾未触及,此时见有颈静脉怒张,EKG示房性紊乱性心动过速,乃以心律失常冠心病?收入医院心内科住院。住院后给予扩冠,活血,及控制心律失常及利尿等对症治疗。一个月后好转出院。最后诊断为疑似冠心,心律失常。出院后2~3周,患者又来诊,诉病情未见好转,面部水肿加重,且向两上肢扩展,肿胀感明显。我再次查体所见为面部肿加重,面颊较前增大,面色呈暗红色,结膜充血,颈静脉怒张,双上肢有明显的可凹性水肿,胸壁静脉怒张,心肺未闻异常,肝脾不大,浅淋巴结未触及肿大,当时我做出了上腔静脉阻塞综合征的诊断。为明确诊断,我申请了胸部CT扫描。报告结果是纵隔肿瘤,伴附近淋巴结转移。肿瘤医院认为已无法手术治疗。

专家点评 此病人自初诊至明确诊断经历了3~4个月的时间。在此期间,我们观察到病情的发展,由面部肿‐颈静脉怒张‐心律失常‐双上肢肿,胸壁静脉怒张;直至上腔静脉阻塞的体征具备时才考虑到这一诊断,实属过迟诊断,使患者不能得到及时的处理,深感遗憾。虽然上腔静脉综合征的早期诊断是有一定困难,但作为一个医生时刻不能忘记要为患者分秒必争。本患者在出现静脉怒张而又无肝脏肿大,无下肢水肿等不符合心衰表观时,就应当问一个“为什么?有无其他可能性会出现颈静脉怒张?”或许可以尽可能早地作出诊断。

上腔静脉阻塞多由纵隔的良恶性肿瘤引起,75%为恶性病变,可以是压迫或血栓形成阻塞上腔静脉,使流入上腔静脉的静脉系统压力增加,形成具有特征性的综合征,表现为头颈部及上肢水肿,颈静脉怒张,伴上肢及胸壁静脉的扩张,发绀及因脑循环静脉压升高导致的头痛,头晕或其他神经系统的症状。

一般这类患者诊断时多属晚期,手术治疗的指征很少,利尿及入量限制可获得短期疗效。当初此病人入院按冠心病治疗后好转出院,使医生忽略了隐蔽的恶性肿瘤的存在。

原始出处:
临床笔录丛书-内科分册/dp/B004P02AF4">《专家临床笔录丛书.内科分册》作者:曾昭耆 刘凤奎 顾复生页码:214-216出版:人民卫生出版社

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    2017-08-24 小华子
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    2017-08-23 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-22 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅.

    0

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    2017-08-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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