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Trends in Biotechnology:新型荧光抗生素让耐药菌无处可逃!

2018-05-13 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

要更好地理解多重耐药(MDR)细菌如何逃避新型抗生素,需要更好地了解抗生素的化学生物作用。 这就需要使用新的工具和技术来提高我们对细菌与抗生素如何反应的认识,理想情况下是在细胞中实时选择性地研究细菌生长,分裂,代谢和对抗生素的反应。新型荧光抗生素或许会帮助我们解决这个问题。


导  读

要更好地理解多重耐药(MDR)细菌如何逃避新型抗生素,需要更好地了解抗生素的化学生物作用。 这就需要使用新的工具和技术来提高我们对细菌与抗生素如何反应的认识,理想情况下是在细胞中实时选择性地研究细菌生长,分裂,代谢和对抗生素的反应。新型荧光抗生素或许会帮助我们解决这个问题。

抗生素在现代医学中的应用

自从1928年发现青霉素以来,抗生素已成为现代医学不可或缺的一部分。消灭人体内的细菌生长,大大降低临床死亡率。尽管抗生素对现代医学有革命性的影响,但有几个问题限制了它们的使用,主要是由于抗药性造成的副作用和缺乏临床有效性。这些问题因临床中缺乏可用的新抗生素而加剧,如果不采取任何措施,我们正在接近进入后抗生素时代。

荧光抗生素的本质

历史上,研究最广泛的荧光抗生素是光辉霉素,色霉素A3和奥利霉素,它们都具有荧光蒽醌核心。这些药物特异性结合DNA,因此可用于细胞培养物中的DNA染色和流式细胞术。。最近,临床喹诺酮抗生素-左氧氟沙星被聚集在多孔硅胶膜上。用喹诺酮荧光监测左氧氟沙星的释放。当治疗时,某些抗生素(如氟喹诺酮类药物)的荧光可能会干扰依赖荧光的其他诊断技术。一般而言,具有内在荧光的抗生素已被用于专门的检测,但具有有限的通用性。鉴于内在荧光抗生素的数量有限,大多数使用荧光抗生素的研究集中在荧光团与不同种类抗生素缀合物的研发上。

靶向细菌细胞壁的荧光抗生素缀合物

目标靶向细胞壁的抗生素有几种,即β-内酰胺,糖肽,脂肽和多肽。这些类别都与荧光团结合。对b-内酰胺或糖耐量具有抗性的细菌是临床抗菌的头号公敌。因此,利用这些抗生素研究抗生素耐药性的研究也较为火热。

荧光β-内酰胺主要用于研究细菌对内酰胺类抗生素的抗性,这通常通过以下两种机制之一产生:产生使抗生素降解和失活的β-内酰胺酶(Bla)酶和/或异构体表达青霉素结合蛋白(PBPs)使细菌不结合β-内酰胺,但仍然可以参与肽聚糖的合成。

荧光抗生素与细胞内靶点产生共轭

有几种不同类型的抗生素通过靶向细菌细胞内DNA和/或蛋白质合成的各个方面起作用,包括大环内酯类,氨基糖苷类,喹诺酮类,磺胺类和恶唑烷酮类。 大多数这些抗生素类别的荧光衍生物可用于研究母体药物的MOA。 然而,因为外膜限制了大疏水分子的通过,所以这些缀合物穿透细胞并避免活性流出的能力可能受损,特别是对于革兰氏阴性细菌。 许多研究反而集中在对分离靶点的体外研究。

荧光抗生素已帮助研究人员阐明抗生素MOA和脱靶作用,筛选出新的抗生素,检测环境中的抗生素,追踪整个细胞和生物体内的抗生素摄取以及检测细菌感染。尽管有如此广泛的用途,但可用的荧光抗生素的数量仍然有限,因此这些工具还没有发挥其全部潜力。除了开发更多的荧光探针,还应使所有主要抗生素类具备荧光性质。 最好的荧光团取决于预期的用途:NIR是体内成像所必需的,但BODIPY更加明亮,适用于共聚焦显微镜。重要的是,必须测试所有新偶联物的体外靶向活性和细菌MIC,以确认它们准确地模拟亲本抗生素。相信不久的未来,随着新型荧光抗生素的产生,临床抗菌的被动局面会被改善。

原始出处:

M. RhiaL.Stone, Mark S.Butler. Fluorescent Antibiotics:NewResearchTools to Fight Antibiotic Resistance.Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 36, Issue 5, p523–536

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createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-24 cathymary
  4. 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createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-14 shock_melon
  5. 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createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. 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createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-29 freve
  7. 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createdBy=ae2931492970, createdName=ms6897892027066920, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 23:31:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927679, encodeId=c5f8192e67946, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 14:31:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652269, encodeId=fba81652269f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#trend#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17798, encryptionId=2ebd1e7981a, topicName=trend)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Sun Jul 29 06:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1918086, encodeId=138e1918086c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 23:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324935, encodeId=1ae1324935a6, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 17 13:33:04 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418677, encodeId=464614186e7f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b07e8041efb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80417, encryptionId=b07e8041efb, topicName=耐药菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-10 sunylz
  8. 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createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-17 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

  9. 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  10. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324935, encodeId=1ae1324935a6, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 17 13:33:04 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418677, encodeId=464614186e7f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b07e8041efb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80417, encryptionId=b07e8041efb, topicName=耐药菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10723392161, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Tue May 15 13:31:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314831, encodeId=30c43148312d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:09:48 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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