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ACS Nano:ACS首证!金纳米粒子可附着抗癌药,实现精准治疗

2019-07-06 杜贝贝 生物探索

在过去的20年里,纳米粒子在医学界的应用大放异彩。但悬而未决的是它们对人体免疫力的安全性和有效性仍未被证明。

在过去的20年里,纳米粒子在医学界的应用大放异彩。但悬而未决的是它们对人体免疫力的安全性和有效性仍未被证明。

近日,来自瑞士日内瓦城大学(UNIGE)的研究人员联合国家能力研究中心(NCCRs)的“生物启发材料”研究所、英国斯旺西大学医学院首次证明了金纳米粒子不会损害人体B淋巴细胞的体外免疫功能,并且对可能存在不良反应或耐药性的药品功效提高有明显作用。相关的研究结果已发表在《ACS Nano》杂志上。

免疫应答与纳米材料

B淋巴细胞负责抗体的产生,是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分,也是预防性和治疗性疫苗的应答核心、肿瘤学和自身免疫性疾病等其他领域的治疗核心。要想快速地实现抗体的目标,疫苗需快速到达B淋巴细胞却不被破坏。如何保护疫苗的完整性,便是纳米粒子大显身手的地方了。

UNIGE医学和科学学院教授Carole Bourquin解释说,纳米粒子可以对疫苗或其他药物的完整性进行保护,在通过其他细胞时实现最小的损耗,从而将其运输到最有效的应答区。目前已有类似的研究来研究纳米粒子与他免疫细胞间的作用机制,如巨噬细胞等,但对于较小且更难处理的B淋巴细胞来说,这是第一次!

金成为纳米医学最佳候选材料

金,具有良好的身体耐受性和易延展性,吸收光后可释放热量的特殊性成为了肿瘤学家的心头好。UNIGE研究员Sandra Hoevar兴奋地解释到:“金纳米粒子可用于治疗肿瘤。当受到光源照射时,纳米粒子会释放热量并破坏邻近的癌细胞。在这里我们也可以构想是否能将抗癌药附着到纳米粒子的表面,以实现更好地靶向治疗呢?”




带着这一猜想,研究人员们开始检验金纳米粒子的安全性和最佳医疗用途。他们制作了含有或不含有聚合物涂层的金球和金棒,来探究涂层与形状对免疫应答的相关效果。接着,研究人员将人类B淋巴细胞持续暴露在这两种形状的金纳米粒子中长达24小时,以检测免疫反应的激活状况。

结果是十分有趣的!研究人员发现纳米粒子的表面聚合物涂层和形状都能对免疫应答产生影响。可能由于其重量更重,金纳米棒对免疫应答产生了抑制反应,而不是激活反应。外表没有涂覆的金球纳米粒子十分容易聚集,也不适用于生物医学。让人惊喜的是,外表包覆聚合物涂层的金球对免疫应答反应稳定,且对B淋巴细胞并无损害作用。目前,研究人员正在临床试验中用此纳米粒子对脑瘤病人进行治疗,并发现金纳米粒子可以小到可以穿过血脑屏障,让特定的抗肿瘤药物直接进入癌细胞。

结语

这一研究的相关方法也将使开发纳米药物并测试纳米粒子的生物相容性成为可能。同时,这一发现将会带来更有针对性和更好耐受性的治疗方法,在使用最少的药物剂量和最小药物副作用的情况下完成最好的药物治疗,尤其是在肿瘤领域。

原始出处:
Sandra Hočevar, Ana Milošević, Laura Rodriguez-Lorenzo, et al. Polymer-Coated Gold Nanospheres Do Not Impair the Innate Immune Function of Human B Lymphocytes in Vitro. ACS Nano. May 2019.

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    2019-07-08 yaanren
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    2019-07-08 sunylz
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2019年4月17日《Advanced Science》杂志发表了中国医学科学院放射医学研究所刘鉴峰研究员团队题为《Enhanced Radio Sensitization by Gold Nanoparticles with Acid‐Triggered Aggregation in Cancer Radiotherapy》的研究论文,报道了一种可特异性提高肿瘤放疗敏感性的新策略。

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