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Mol Psychiatr:饮食质量或对心理状态有直接影响

2018-10-13 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日发表在《Molecular Psychiatry》上的一篇对过去41项研究的系统性荟萃分析发现,坚持健康饮食(尤其是地中海饮食)能有效减轻抑郁症状和解决临床忧郁症。

近日发表在《Molecular Psychiatry》上的一篇对过去41项研究的系统性荟萃分析发现,坚持健康饮食(尤其是地中海饮食)能有效减轻抑郁症状和解决临床忧郁症。

尽管地中海饮食预防医学研究(PREDIMED)中的某些缺陷使其科学原理看上去不那么严谨,但仍有研究表明肯定该饮食方式是有益健康的。地中海饮食其实不是严格意义上的饮食,它更像是一种饮食模式指南。它强调以植物为基础的食物(水果和蔬菜),以及全谷物食品、豆类和坚果。地中海饮食的原则还包括多种药草、低盐、以橄榄油替代黄油和少量红肉。这种饮食方式与很多健康益处相关,其中就包括心理健康

食物对人类心理健康有重要影响这一观点并不新颖,而且看上去很符合直觉,但是理解其背后的作用机制却不是件容易的事情。

以抑郁症为例,在其众多症状中,它还会降低食欲,使患者对饮食健康关注度降低。此外,心情更愉快的人往往饮食质量更好,而不开心的人却常常伴随着酗酒,这也与加重抑郁相关。所以最终会得到一系列的反馈循环,但其中的因果很难区分。

在这项新研究中,英国伦敦大学学院的研究人员们对过去8年发表的41项研究进行了回顾,分析了食物与抑郁之间的复杂关系。

研究人员开始时写道:“在发达国家,抑郁症是会导致最大社会成本的精神疾病。因此我们有必要收集关于营养在抑制症中作用的证据,以提供医疗建议和指导未来的精神健康护理。这项系统性回顾的目的是,分析饮食质量(以一系列预定义的指数来衡量)和抑郁症结果之间的关联。”

这41项研究对36000人进行了追踪,其中21项是纵向研究(在一段时间内对受试者进行监测),其余的是横向研究(仅分析受试者一生中的某个时间点)。当所有的数据汇集在一起时,结果表明,与其他饮食相比,富含植物的饮食可以降低33%的抑郁风险。

研究人员写道:“根据最近的回顾,现有证据表明健康饮食或谨慎的饮食模式与抑郁症之间存在负相关性,尽管在定义健康饮食模式的方法上存在一些不一致的结果和差异性。”

结论表明,我们的饮食质量与心理状态之间确实存在关联。研究人员强调,这不仅仅是一种“好的食物让你更健康更快乐”的间接关联,饮食质量似乎对心理状态有直接影响。

该研究负责人、英国伦敦大学学院流行病学和卫生保健研究所的研究员Camille Lassale博士说:“有充足的证据证明你的饮食质量和你的心理健康有关系。”

然而,即使是该研究的参与人员也建议大家保持谨慎态度。Lasalle说,虽然有证据表明,不同的食物在降低抑郁症风险方面效果不同,但是仍然没有明确的临床证据,这只是一种观察结果。健康饮食降低抑郁症状的准确机制仍然没有弄清楚。

但是,研究发现了新亮点。

该研究还发现,“促炎饮食”与抑郁症风险升高之间存在关联。最典型的促炎食物包括炸薯条和其他油炸食物、碳酸饮料、含糖饮料、红肉(汉堡、牛排等)和加工肉类,即所谓的西式饮食。因此,如果促炎食物会增加抑郁风险,那么包括地中海饮食在内的非促炎饮食就能够降低风险,抑郁可能与炎症相关。

研究人员总结道:“我们的分析表明,观察性证据能够证明坚持健康饮食(尤其是传统的地中海饮食)或者避免促炎饮食与抑郁症状或临床抑郁症的风险降低相关。”

如果你担忧自己的心理健康,就不要讳疾忌医,多找心理咨询师谈谈,如果可能的话,试着与家人或亲近的朋友敞开心扉地说一说。

原始出处:Camille Lassale, G. David Batty, Amaria Baghdadli, et al. Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 26.

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    2018-10-14 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-10-13 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-10-13 4546wk

    还可以这样,学习了

    0

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    2018-10-13 医者仁心5538

    吃出健康,吃的快乐

    0

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