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Ann Oncol:如何保证DPYD变异的肿瘤患者用药更安全?

2018-01-04 张琪 环球医学

2017年12月,发表在《Ann Oncol》的一项由荷兰科学家进行的研究,考察了如何用DPYD基因型指导的剂量个体化改善氟嘧啶疗法的患者安全性,并呼吁药物标签更新。

2017年12月,发表在《Ann Oncol》的一项由荷兰科学家进行的研究,考察了如何用DPYD基因型指导的剂量个体化改善氟嘧啶疗法的患者安全性,并呼吁药物标签更新。

氟尿嘧啶类抗肿瘤药,尤其是5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和卡培他滨,常用于治疗多种类型的癌症,包括乳腺癌结直肠癌、头颈癌和胃癌。目前欧盟和美国5-FU和卡培他滨的药物标签中,缺乏整合于5 - FU多态性代谢的适应性剂量策略。尽管氟尿嘧啶治疗通常耐受性较好,但存在一个主要的临床局限性,即部分治疗人群会经历严重的、有时是致命的、氟尿嘧啶类相关毒性。这种毒性会受到二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD,氟尿嘧啶失活的主要代谢酶)活性的个体间差异强烈影响,估计3%~8%的人群为部分DPD缺失。DPYD基因-DPD的编码基因,其多态性常导致DPD酶功能减弱或丧失,并且含DPYD多态性的杂合载体存在部分DPD缺失。当这些部分DPD缺失患者使用氟尿嘧啶完整剂量治疗时,他们通常会暴露于5-FU及其代谢物的毒性水平,因此,严重的治疗相关毒性风险明显增加。

目前,4种DPYD变异体(DPYD*2A,c.2846A>T,c.1679T>G和c.1236G>A)的功能和临床有效性已得到很好地证实,回顾性研究和大型人群前瞻性研究显示那些变异体与氟尿嘧啶相关毒性风险的增加相关。通过提前筛选DPYD基因型变异和减少杂合DPYD变异等位基因携带者的剂量,使5-FU暴露正常化,可显着改善使用氟尿嘧啶治疗的患者的安全性。基于对现有数据的批判性评估,通过纳入提前筛选DPYD变异的推荐和DPYD基因型指导的剂量来调整卡培他滨和5-FU的标签,应该成为新的治疗标准。

原始出处:
Henricks LM, Opdam FL, Beijnen JH,et al.DPYD genotype-guided dose individualization to improve patient safety of fluoropyrimidine therapy: call for a drug label update.Ann Oncol. 2017 Dec 1;28(12):2915-2922. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx411.

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    2018-12-18 minlingfeng
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