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PNAS:羟基磷灰石沉积与黄斑变性密切相关

2015-03-30 佚名 中国眼网

近日,发表在《美国科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)杂志上的一篇论文中,伦敦大学学院领导的研究发现羟基磷灰石(hydroxylapatite)的沉积与形成老年性黄斑变性(AMD)密切相关。  羟基磷灰石,又称碱式磷酸钙,是钙磷灰石的自然矿物化。这项结果不仅为AMD是如何发展的提供了新的解释,也开辟了诊断和治疗AMD的新途径

近日,发表在《美国科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)杂志上的一篇论文中,伦敦大学学院领导的研究发现羟基磷灰石(hydroxylapatite)的沉积与形成老年性黄斑变性(AMD)密切相关。
  
羟基磷灰石,又称碱式磷酸钙,是钙磷灰石的自然矿物化。这项结果不仅为AMD是如何发展的提供了新的解释,也开辟了诊断和治疗AMD的新途径。尽早发现AMD,阻止疾病的发展将会改善数百万人的生活。
  
AMD是导致失明最主要的原因,75岁以上的老龄人中有20%受到AMD的影响,导致他们的视力慢慢恶化,但是AMD的发病机理依然是一个迷。10%的患者是湿性AMD,通常由血管渗漏造成,可用眼部注射治疗。90%的患者是干性AMD,发病原因仍是个迷,没有可靠的治疗方法。
  
AMD的主要特点是视网膜中蛋白和脂肪沉积,形成玻璃膜疣(drusen),从而阻止必需的营养素到达眼睛的光感细胞——光感受器。光感受器通过细胞过程定期循环再造,同时产生一些废物,而玻璃膜疣将这些“垃圾”限制在视网膜内,并不断积累。

这项新研究表明,羟基磷灰石,通常存在于骨骼和牙齿中的物质能够解释玻璃膜疣的起源。研究人员发现,这些球状的羟基磷灰石会将蛋白和脂肪吸引到它的表面,积累多年后形成玻璃膜疣。通过对从43-96岁捐赠者的30只眼睛进行尸检,研究人员使用荧光染料识别这些只有几微米的微小球体。
  
领导该研究的Imre Lengyel博士说:“在含有/不含有AMD的捐赠者中,我们都发现了这些微乎其微的空心球体。眼睛含有这些球体越多,形成的玻璃膜疣就越多。这些球体的出现比临床上能够检测出玻璃膜疣要早的多。荧光标记技术能够检测出玻璃膜疣形成前的早期征兆,并且我们使用的染料能够与现存的诊断设备兼容。如果我们能够建立一种安全的让染料进入眼睛的方法,我们就能够提早十年甚至更多的诊断出AMD。”
  
这些球体是否直接导致AMD的症状仍不清楚,但是对早期诊断的价值确实是明显的。玻璃膜疣作为AMD发展的标志,抑制玻璃膜疣的形成完全有可能阻断AMD的发展。
  
该研究的合作者,马里兰大学医学院的Richard Thompson博士说:“我们的发现为AMD的诊断和治疗带来了新的希望,但是这只是个开始,我们还有很长的路要走。”

原始出处:

Richard B. Thompsona, Valentina Reffattob, Jacob G. Bundyc, Elod Kortvelyd, Jane M. Flinne, Antonio Lanzirottif, Emrys A. Jonesc, David S. McPhailg, Sarah Fearng, Karsten Boldtd, Marius Ueffingd, Savanjeet Guy Singh Ratub, Laurenz Pauleikhoffb, Alan C. Birdb, and Imre Lengyelb.Identification of hydroxyapatite spherules provides new insight into subretinal pigment epithelial deposit formation in the aging eye[J].PNAS February 3, 2015 vol. 112 no. 5 1565-1570;Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413347112 

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    2016-02-05 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855709, encodeId=c13b1855e09af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 15:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463494, encodeId=fee41463494cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d27381288e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38128, encryptionId=7d27381288e, topicName=变性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f69f6545041, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Wed Apr 01 02:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525059, encodeId=38211525059b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65e91031337f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄斑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103133, encryptionId=65e91031337f, topicName=黄斑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=638b11619344, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Wed Apr 01 02:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1622115, encodeId=ee751622115bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f41b8000867' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#羟基磷灰石#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80008, encryptionId=f41b8000867, topicName=羟基磷灰石)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Wed Apr 01 02:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-01 huangdf
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    2015-04-01 muzishouyi
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