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Nature:创伤后应激障碍或与基因有关

2014-09-04 段歆涔 中国科学报

大多数人能逐渐从创伤中恢复,但一小部分人会患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)——对严重创伤(例如战争、车祸、自然灾害)的一种极端反应。科学家一直在寻找该病的生物学基础。近日发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》的一项针对老鼠的研究指出,多达334种基因可能会导致个体易受创伤后压力影响。研究人员让约100只老鼠暴露在脏乱的猫砂环境中——使其担心捕食者的存在,并在一周后检测创伤对老鼠的影响。约1/4的老鼠被归类为“极

大多数人能逐渐从创伤中恢复,但一小部分人会患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)——对严重创伤(例如战争、车祸、自然灾害)的一种极端反应。科学家一直在寻找该病的生物学基础。

近日发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》的一项针对老鼠的研究指出,多达334种基因可能会导致个体易受创伤后压力影响。

研究人员让约100只老鼠暴露在脏乱的猫砂环境中——使其担心捕食者的存在,并在一周后检测创伤对老鼠的影响。约1/4的老鼠被归类为“极端”反应体,即表现出极高水平的焦虑和很容易听到高分贝噪音。另外1/4的老鼠是“最低限度的”反应体,即表现出的焦虑水平和正常环境下的老鼠无异。

为了探究控制创伤敏感性的机制,研究人员用DNA微阵技术扫描了来自血液、杏仁核和海马体(和恐惧和记忆相关的大脑区域)样本中的2.2万个基因。其中86~334个基因呈现出表达水平的变化——这似乎和最大程度或最小程度的响应能力有关。

大多数基因似乎会表现脆弱性或恢复力,但不会同时表达这两种能力。纽约市西奈山伊坎医学院神经内分泌学家Daskalakis说,该结果表明,在基因水平,两种不同的应激反应系统似乎控制个体对PTSD的敏感性。

在该研究的基础上,研究人员进而推测,73种转录因子控制与创伤脆弱性及恢复力有关的基因表达,其中1/4和糖皮质激素受体信号相关。一直以来,科学家怀疑PTSD的发生和糖皮质激素受体信号的错误调节有关,一些研究也表明,异常低水平的受体活动可能是罪魁祸首。

原始出处:

Helen Shen.Identification of possible genetic markers supports trauma treatment with steroid hormone.NATURE.11 August 2014

Nikolaos P. Daskalakis, Hagit Cohen, Guiqing Cai, Joseph D. Buxbaum, and Rachel Yehuda. Expression profiling associates blood and brain glucocorticoid receptor signaling withtrauma-related individual differences in both sexes. PNAS, August 11, 2014; doi:10.1073/pnas.1401660111


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