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结构式医学论文摘要的写作

2009-08-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

 一、为何采用结构式论文摘要   医学论文的摘要,是为了把研究工作的主要内容以最简练的文字予以介绍,协助读者对该工作的目的、设计及研究结果较快地得出概括性的理解。从而决定是否需阅读全文。结构式论文摘要具有固定格式,其撰写格式与科研设计思维方法相一致,有助于作者理清思路,准确表达,甚至可促使作者在实验设计开始时就明确各项内容,使各部分更趋严密、合理,以得出正确结论。也便于国际间交流,可以转载,易

 一、为何采用结构式论文摘要

  医学论文的摘要,是为了把研究工作的主要内容以最简练的文字予以介绍,协助读者对该工作的目的、设计及研究结果较快地得出概括性的理解。从而决定是否需阅读全文。结构式论文摘要具有固定格式,其撰写格式与科研设计思维方法相一致,有助于作者理清思路,准确表达,甚至可促使作者在实验设计开始时就明确各项内容,使各部分更趋严密、合理,以得出正确结论。也便于国际间交流,可以转载,易于传播。当前,医学文献数据库除收录论文题目外,同时收录论文摘要。例如,美国国家医学图书馆医学文献联机检索系统(MEDLINE)收集了全世界3600多种医学期刊的数十万条文献,其中包括中华医学会系列杂志20余种。荷兰医学文摘(ExceptaMedica)以收录高质量的文摘著称,全部收录论文摘要,按专业分册出版。中国医学科学院医学信息研究中心在国家科委与卫生部领导下,也建立了中国生物医学文献数据库,收录1990年以来刊登在国内期刊的论著中、英文题目及中文摘要,并制成数据库光盘系统。各种数据库的建立,无疑加快了国内外信息的传播,节省了读者的时间,便于更及时掌握最新的科研动态。为此,写好论文摘要至关重要。

  二、结构式论文摘要的基本写作方法

  结构式论文摘要包括目的、方法、结果与结论四部分。由于多数国外读者不能看懂论著全文,所以,英文摘要内容应较中文摘要更全面。具体字数可根据不同期刊或征文的要求而定,中文摘要一般在200字以内。英文摘要字数为150~400个英文单词。中英文摘要各项内容基本相同。

  分述如下:1.目的(Objective):直接了当地准确说明研究目的或所阐述的问题。如题目已清楚表明,则摘要中可以不重复。亦可以在摘要开始,简要说明提出问题的背景。英文常以动词不定式“To 动词原形”开头。常用英文表达方式:To investigate...and...;To assese...;To determine whether...;To study...;To examine...;To evaluate...and compare...;To improve...;To describe...;To explore....;To clarify;To identify...;To localize...等。

  2.方法(Methods):对研究的基本设计加以描述。包括诊断标准、分组情况及随访时间;研究对象的数量及特征,以及对在研究中因副作用或其它原因而撤消的研究对象数目;观察的主要变量及主要的研究方法;治疗手段包括使用方法及作用时间等。若为临床研究,需说明是前瞻性随机对比研究或回顾性分析。方法学研究要说明新的或改进的方法、设备、材料,以及被研究的对象(动物或人)。英文常需要用完整的被动或主动结构句子,动词用过去时态。常用英表达方式:Arandomized,double blind,placebo controlledtrial was performed;A case control study;A prospective clinical study;We retrospectively analyzed...;We studied...等。

  3.结果(Results):为摘要的重点部分。提供研究所得出的主要结果,列出重要数据。指出新方法与经典方法比较而表现出的优缺点,并说明其可信度及准确性的统计学程度。英文要用完整句子,谓语动词用过去时态,研究所得数据如百分数、血压等数字采用临床病例书写形式,不必用书面英文表达。常用英文表达方式:...was(were)...;We found...;There was...等。

  4.结论(Conclusion):把研究的主要结论性观点,用一、二句话简明表达,不必另分段落或设小标题。结论应该有直接依据,避免推测和过于笼统。英文用完整句子表达,动词时态用一般现在时或现在完成时。最好直接写结论,也可用一些句型引出结论。常用英文表达方式:...is probably...;...is...;Our conclusion is that...;This study shows that...;This study suggests that...;This study confirms that...;These observation ssupport...等。

  三、结构式论文摘要写作的注意事项

  1.文辞力求简明易懂,不能含糊及重复。除了已规范化的缩略语(如DNA)外,首次用缩略语之前须将英文全称列出。

  2.英文所用时态需与事情发生时间相一致,叙述基本规律时可用现在时。叙述研究对象、方法和结果时,用过去时。

四、结构式论文摘要一般分为Objective:To evaluate the perinatal and 2-year outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pretermpremature rupture of membranes(PROM)during these condtrimester.Methods:Fifty-three consecutive single ton pregnancies with PROM at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied retrospectively....Results:....Conclusion:

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1081479, encodeId=1f5610814e97d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84525501709, createdName=ms1000000615957901, createdTime=Sat Dec 18 10:06:52 CST 2021, time=2021-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43070, encodeId=c031430e059, content=多?这些资料,太棒了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=168, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b5d1660826, createdName=crystal 丁, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 23:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24097, encodeId=14282409ecf, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d5571624672, createdName=Wuyue6233, createdTime=Mon May 18 23:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279512, encodeId=17fc12e9512cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab1430e146e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#写作#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30714, encryptionId=ab1430e146e, topicName=写作)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Wed Aug 26 14:43:00 CST 2009, time=2009-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1622955, encodeId=b20716229557e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=babb34250ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34250, encryptionId=babb34250ab, topicName=医学论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Wed Aug 26 14:43:00 CST 2009, time=2009-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-12 crystal 丁

    多?这些资料,太棒了

    0

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    2015-05-18 Wuyue6233

    好!

    0

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