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服用这5类常用药物应多喝水!

2021-12-15 ANDs 网络

如阿仑瞵酸钠、氯膦酸二钠等,双磷酸盐在治疗高钙血症时,可致电解质紊乱和水丢失,故应注意补充体液,使每日尿量达2000ml以上

作者:董晓慧  上海市东方医院药学部

来源:上海药讯

不同药物服用时用水量各有不同,有些药物服用时需要大量饮水。人体服用的药物几乎都要经过肾脏来排解,服药时多喝水能减轻肾脏负担,排泄毒物,增强代谢。
以下几类药物应留意服用时大量饮水:

 

一、抗菌药物

 

磺胺类抗菌药物:磺胺类药物及其代谢产物主要通过肾脏排泄,有时会从尿液里析出、形成结晶,引起腰痛、血尿、蛋白尿,严重时结晶可阻塞尿路使尿液无法排出。大量饮水可以增加尿量,使尿液中药物的浓度降低,或者同时口服一些碱化尿液的药物,如碳酸氢钠等,避免析出结晶损害肾脏。
喹诺酮类抗菌药物:如环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星等,主要经肾排泄,大剂量使用氟喹诺酮类药物或尿pH值在7以上时可发生结晶尿,为避免结晶尿的发生,宜多饮水,保持24小时排尿量在1200ml以上。
氨基糖苷类抗生素:如庆大霉素、阿米卡星等,氨基糖苷类抗生素对肾的毒性大,浓度越高对肾小管的损害越大,故宜多喝水以稀释并加速药物排泄。

 

二、抗病毒药

 

阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦由于可以导致药物结晶性肾衰,因此服药期间宜多饮水,尤其老年人,由于生理性肾功能的衰退,宜减少用量。与齐多夫定合用可引起肾毒性,表现为深度昏睡和疲劳,与丙磺舒竞争性抑制有机酸分泌,可使本类药排泄减慢,体内药物量蓄积。

 

三、解热镇痛药

 

感冒时服用解热镇痛药时,饮水量应大一些,每天尿量应该不低于1.5升,发高烧或暑天时更应注意。
一是因为这类药物高浓度时对胃有刺激;二是感冒时饮水有助于机体大量排尿以代谢体内的毒素;三是感冒药会使患者大量出汗,适当补充水分确有必要。如果喝水过少,既不利于发汗降温,还会因体内水分没有得到及时补充而引起虚脱。

 

四、抗痛风药

 

服用抗痛风药如别嘌醇、苯溴马隆等,均要加大送服的水量,保证饮水量不少于2L,以减轻对消化道的刺激,同时应碱化尿液,以防止尿酸在排出过程中在泌尿道形成结石。

 

五、双磷酸盐

 

阿仑瞵酸钠、氯膦酸二钠等,双磷酸盐在治疗高钙血症时,可致电解质紊乱和水丢失,故应注意补充体液,使每日尿量达2000ml以上。同时双磷酸盐对食管有刺激性,须用200ml水送服,同时在服药后不宜立即平卧,并保持上身直立30min。

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    2021-12-15 ms6200584905408868

    学习

    0

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    2021-12-15 夜夜夜夜夜声

    学习了

    1

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