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JCI:miRNA编辑对癌细胞侵入力有重要影响

2013-05-06 生物无忧 生物无忧

若诊断结果显示某人患有一种大脑肿瘤多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),这对他往往是具有打击性的,因为可用于治疗这种肿瘤的方法很少,并且该癌症具有较差的预后.那些可以消除其他恶性肿瘤的疗法,例如化疗或外科手术,对于GBM患者来说只是可以延长一点有限的生命罢了. 新加坡A*STAR生物工程和纳米技术研究所的Shu Wang解释到:“由于肿瘤细胞会大量入侵正常脑组织,而且又容易产生治疗抵抗性,因此这种疾病经

若诊断结果显示某人患有一种大脑肿瘤多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),这对他往往是具有打击性的,因为可用于治疗这种肿瘤的方法很少,并且该癌症具有较差的预后.那些可以消除其他恶性肿瘤的疗法,例如化疗或外科手术,对于GBM患者来说只是可以延长一点有限的生命罢了.

新加坡A*STAR生物工程和纳米技术研究所的Shu Wang解释到:“由于肿瘤细胞会大量入侵正常脑组织,而且又容易产生治疗抵抗性,因此这种疾病经常复发.该癌症高度致命的自然特性导致恶性GBM患者的平均生存期大约只有一年.”科学家们一直在寻找针对该疾病的有效治疗方法,而现在Wang等人的研究可以为对抗这种致命疾病提供一个有用的策略.

一些基因并不编码生产蛋白质的mRNA,而是编码小片段的microRNAs来调控其他mRNA的表达.一些miRNAs会被酶进一步编辑,其中特定的腺嘌呤核苷酸被改为了肌苷,即经历了“由A到I”的改变,这会显著的改变microRNA的靶标偏好性.之前的研究已经证实了异常的mRNA编辑与脑癌之间的联系,而现在,Wang的研究团队又调查了一组miR-376簇的作用.

这一基因簇的其中一个产物是miR-376a*,它在健康的人类组织中通常会经历“由A到I”的编辑过程.通过分析原发性肿瘤组织和胶质瘤癌细胞系,研究人员确定了,许多GBM细胞往往会携带未经编辑的miR-376a*.更重要的是,对患者肿瘤的比较分析显示,未编辑miR-376a*的过高水平与肿瘤的较大体积有关(图1).

上:未编辑的miR-376a*促进了小鼠脑瘤模型中恶性肿瘤的生长(深红色); 下:编辑过的miR-376a*限制了肿瘤的生长(深红色),使之转变为了非侵入性的肿瘤.

该小组接下来的研究证实了这种联系.研究人员向体外培养的非扩散性胶质瘤细胞系中引入了未编辑的miR-376a*模拟物,并将这些细胞移植到了小鼠体内;之后,他们发现这些细胞形成了大而无规则的肿瘤,并且肿瘤能快速杀死它们的宿主.通过比较,表达编辑过的miR-376a*的细胞则是相对静止的,肿瘤的生长也很有限.Wang和他的同事们还检测到,未编辑的miR-376a*与编辑过的miR-376a*所影响的基因种类是完全不同的,其中的一些似乎负责了它的有害影响.

Wang说:“miR-376a*中由A到I的单碱基改变影响了该miRNA对靶标基因的选择,进而转变了它的功能,使之从抑制侵入转向了促进胶质瘤细胞的侵入力.”他补充到,这些结果还强调了,强制表达编辑过的miR-376a*有望成为治疗GBM的一个新策略.现在,Wang和他的研究小组正探索不同的递送机制来实现这项疗法.

癌细胞相关的拓展阅读:

Attenuated adenosine-to-inosine editing of microRNA-376a* promotes invasiveness of glioblastoma cells

In the human brain, microRNAs (miRNAs) from the microRNA-376 (miR-376) cluster undergo programmed “seed” sequence modifications by adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. Emerging evidence suggests a link between impaired A-to-I editing and cancer, particularly in high-grade gliomas. We hypothesized that disruption of A-to-I editing alters expression of genes regulating glioma tumor phenotypes. By sequencing the miR-376 cluster, we show that the overall miRNA editing frequencies were reduced in human gliomas. Specifically in high-grade gliomas, miR-376a* accumulated entirely in an unedited form. Clinically, a significant correlation was found between accumulation of unedited miR-376a* and the extent of invasive tumor spread as measured by magnetic resonance imaging of patient brains. Using both in vitro and orthotopic xenograft mouse models, we demonstrated that the unedited miR-376a* promoted glioma cell migration and invasion, while the edited miR-376a* suppressed these features. The effects of the unedited miR-376a* were mediated by its sequence-dependent ability to target RAP2A and concomitant inability to target AMFR. Thus, the tumor-dependent introduction of a single base difference in the miR-376a* sequence dramatically alters the selection of its target genes and redirects its function from inhibiting to promoting glioma cell invasion. These findings uncover a new mechanism of miRNA deregulation and identify unedited miR-376a* as a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma cells.

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    2013-12-28 smallant2002
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    2013-05-08 yxch36
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    2013-05-08 Homburg

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