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从论文撤稿反思科研评价体系

2016-01-21 李瑜 科学网

2015年,多起中国科技工作者在国际学术期刊发表论文被撤稿事件,让中国学术圈陷入了又一轮深刻的省思之中。不久前,由中国科协、教育部、科技部、国家卫计委、中科院、工程院、基金委共同研究制定并发布了《发表学术论文“五不准”》。“五不准”包括不准由“第三方”代写论文;不准由“第三方”代投论文;不准由“第三方”对论文内容进行修改;不准提供虚假同行评审人信息;不准违反论文署名规范。然而,对于屡见不鲜的撤稿事

2015年,多起中国科技工作者在国际学术期刊发表论文被撤稿事件,让中国学术圈陷入了又一轮深刻的省思之中。

不久前,由中国科协、教育部、科技部、国家卫计委、中科院、工程院、基金委共同研究制定并发布了《发表学术论文“五不准”》。“五不准”包括不准由“第三方”代写论文;不准由“第三方”代投论文;不准由“第三方”对论文内容进行修改;不准提供虚假同行评审人信息;不准违反论文署名规范。

然而,对于屡见不鲜的撤稿事件,“五不准”的出台显然还不是最终答案。在接受《中国科学报》记者采访时,有关专家表示,若不能对现有科研评价体系进行有效改革,对触碰科研道德底线的越轨行为进行有力问责,滋生脏论文的土壤将很难移除。

无奈的评价体系

“撤稿的原因很多,但现行科研评价体系负有不可推卸的责任。”作为中国科协科技工作者道德与权益专门委员会调查组(以下简称“调查组”)成员之一,中科院院士王乃彦对多个地区的被撤稿人进行了走访调查,让他倍感不解的是,为何如此之多的撤稿事件都发生在临床医学领域。

调查中,王乃彦始终掺杂着两种心情。“撤稿事件确实丢了中国科技工作者的脸,但对于很多医生来说,他们也是实实在在的受害者。”

“临床医生每天的工作就是看病,我们非得要逼着人家写文章,这到底是要干吗呢?”王乃彦无奈地摇摇头。

在中科院院士、中国疾病预防控制中心副主任高福看来,临床医生的工作根本不应用论文去评价。“医生的好坏由患者和同行去评价,一个医生够不够主治医师的资格,医院最清楚,我们没有必要去设置条条框框,要求每个大夫都去作研究。”

关于改革评价体系的争论早已存在多年,然而,却总是无疾而终。

“为什么这么长时间还改不了,就是官僚主义和形而上学的思想在作祟。”王乃彦告诉《中国科学报》记者,很多医院在确定晋升提拔名额的时候,往往受到人际关系的束缚。“比如,一个科室有30个人,要从里面提拔两个出来,对于领导来说是一个困难的选择,所以,就凭发表论文这个统一标准来要求大家,这是非常不负责任的做法。”

此外,国内一些科研工作者对于国外期刊的盲目迷信也让人忧心。“一些国外期刊的影响因子并不高,但很多领导和单位只认国外的SCI,这种思想很可怕。”王乃彦说,外国期刊近年来收了大量中国的文章,拿了中国大量的稿费。如今,一部分外国杂志就是靠着中国的投稿来生存。

惩戒应有区别

尽管撤稿风波让中国学者蒙羞,但显然不能让整个科技界都为此背负上这样一份污名。

“首先要肯定大多数科技工作者的道德操守和取得的成绩。”高福认为,必须要理性看待撤稿事件的性质。“从质量上看,被撤稿科学家大多名不见经传,其研究并不能代表中国的最高水平。从数量上看,我国的科研论文数量已经是世界第二,被撤稿也属正常。”

在高福看来,撤稿事件是非主流科研人员在过去SCI论文“大跃进”的情况下出现的问题,不能因此而全面否定我国多年来的科研投入和对世界的贡献。

在处理方式上也应该区别对待。“对于有意造假的人,要一查到底,绝不姑息。”高福表示,在处理结果上,必须要建立严惩机制,不是两年不能申请基金,而是一辈子都不能申请,让这些无视科研道德底线的人彻底离开此行当。“这些年,我们的惩罚机制不明确,很多时候都是敷衍了事,在造假成风的背景下,必须杀一儆百。”

与此同时,对于那些无意犯错者,也该网开一面。高福在调查中发现,一些科研工作者确实不懂现行评价体制机制下的游戏规则,好多临床医生甚至根本就没有写过论文。“还有一部分临床医生总想把自己变成‘研究+临床’的类型,实际上只有一部分人可以胜任。”

采访中,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。“不要过度相信行政干预,要相信这个专业本身的特点和规律。科研人员活的是一张脸,这种文化要提倡起来,要靠诚实守信和监管去解决问题。”

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    2016-01-27 李继凯

    体制有问题

    0

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    2016-01-27 李继凯

    同感

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803197, encodeId=8973180319eed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f74fe5061f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研评价体系#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75061, encryptionId=f74fe5061f9, topicName=科研评价体系)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erCiat0j36p5MejdM9yCLtcVcY8WS5VIKuCMqXFNs56U6iacZib5CJvh6mVxGERicM6ZAkl91jMgpcDrw/132, createdBy=37622500012, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 11:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61145, encodeId=64066114511, content=体制有问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61146, encodeId=b1f961146e6, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444133, encodeId=56b31444133d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481172, encodeId=a67d14811e2da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bada91402e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#论文撤稿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91402, encryptionId=bada91402e3, topicName=论文撤稿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7277737197, createdName=644982816_68283323, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58710, encodeId=989858e109a, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58636, encodeId=8908586369a, content=,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-23 huagfeg
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803197, encodeId=8973180319eed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f74fe5061f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研评价体系#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75061, encryptionId=f74fe5061f9, topicName=科研评价体系)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erCiat0j36p5MejdM9yCLtcVcY8WS5VIKuCMqXFNs56U6iacZib5CJvh6mVxGERicM6ZAkl91jMgpcDrw/132, createdBy=37622500012, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 11:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61145, encodeId=64066114511, content=体制有问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61146, encodeId=b1f961146e6, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444133, encodeId=56b31444133d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481172, encodeId=a67d14811e2da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bada91402e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#论文撤稿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91402, encryptionId=bada91402e3, topicName=论文撤稿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7277737197, createdName=644982816_68283323, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58710, encodeId=989858e109a, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58636, encodeId=8908586369a, content=,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803197, encodeId=8973180319eed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f74fe5061f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研评价体系#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75061, encryptionId=f74fe5061f9, topicName=科研评价体系)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erCiat0j36p5MejdM9yCLtcVcY8WS5VIKuCMqXFNs56U6iacZib5CJvh6mVxGERicM6ZAkl91jMgpcDrw/132, createdBy=37622500012, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 11:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61145, encodeId=64066114511, content=体制有问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61146, encodeId=b1f961146e6, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444133, encodeId=56b31444133d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481172, encodeId=a67d14811e2da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bada91402e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#论文撤稿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91402, encryptionId=bada91402e3, topicName=论文撤稿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7277737197, createdName=644982816_68283323, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58710, encodeId=989858e109a, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58636, encodeId=8908586369a, content=,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-21 jiangxianchen

    同感

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1803197, encodeId=8973180319eed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f74fe5061f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研评价体系#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75061, encryptionId=f74fe5061f9, topicName=科研评价体系)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erCiat0j36p5MejdM9yCLtcVcY8WS5VIKuCMqXFNs56U6iacZib5CJvh6mVxGERicM6ZAkl91jMgpcDrw/132, createdBy=37622500012, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 11:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61145, encodeId=64066114511, content=体制有问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61146, encodeId=b1f961146e6, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 18:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444133, encodeId=56b31444133d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481172, encodeId=a67d14811e2da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bada91402e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#论文撤稿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91402, encryptionId=bada91402e3, topicName=论文撤稿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c7277737197, createdName=644982816_68283323, createdTime=Sat Jan 23 00:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58710, encodeId=989858e109a, content=同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=58636, encodeId=8908586369a, content=,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-21 lovetcm

    ,高福一再强调,绝不能因为评价体系出现问题就彻底放弃SCI,如果是这样,科学事业很可能遭遇滑坡,“南郭先生”就来了。

    0

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