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BMJ:药物成瘾患者阿片类药物替代治疗期间和治疗后的死亡风险几何?

2017-05-27 吴刚 环球医学

阿片类药物依赖是日益严峻的药物使用问题,造成全球疾病负担。2017年4月,发表在《BMJ》的一项由西班牙、澳大利亚和葡萄牙科学家进行的队列研究的系统评价和Meta分析,考察了阿片类药物替代治疗期间和治疗后的死亡风险。



阿片类药物依赖是日益严峻的药物使用问题,造成全球疾病负担。2017年4月,发表在《BMJ》的一项由西班牙、澳大利亚和葡萄牙科学家进行的队列研究的系统评价和Meta分析,考察了阿片类药物替代治疗期间和治疗后的死亡风险。

目的:旨在比较阿片类药物依赖的患者中,美沙酮或丁丙诺啡替代治疗期间和治疗后,全因死亡风险和药物剂量过量死亡风险,并描述初始和停止治疗后死亡风险趋势。

设计:系统评价和Meta分析。

数据来源:截至2016年9月的Medline、Embase、PsycINFO和LILACS。

研究选择:前瞻性或回顾性队列研究,研究对象为美沙酮或丁丙诺啡等阿片类药物替代治疗中和治疗后的随访期报告全因死亡或药物过量死亡的阿片类药物依赖的患者。

数据采集和合成:两名独立审查提取了数据并评估了研究质量。使用多变量随机效应Meta分析将治疗中和治疗后的死亡率与美沙酮或丁丙诺啡队列相结合。

结果:共有19个符合要求的队列,其中122885名患者接受美沙酮治疗1.3~13.9年,15831名患者接受丁丙诺啡治疗1.1~14.5年。美沙酮治疗中和治疗后的汇总全因死亡率分别为11.3和36.1/1000人-年(未调整治疗后与治疗中比率,3.20;95% CI,2.65~3.86),丁苯诺啡治疗中和治疗后的汇总全因死亡率分别降到4.3和9.5(2.20;1.34~3.61)。汇总趋势分析中,美沙酮治疗的首个四周后,全因死亡率急剧下降,治疗后2周逐渐降低。丁丙诺啡治疗的诱导和维持期间,全因死亡率保持稳定。药物过量死亡率的变化类似,美沙酮治疗中和治疗后的汇总药物过量死亡率分别为2.6和12.7/1000人-年(未调整治疗后与治疗中比率,4.80;95% CI,2.90~7.96),丁苯诺啡治疗中和治疗后为1.4和4.6。

结论:阿片类药物依赖的患者中,保持美沙酮和丁丙诺啡治疗与全因死亡风险和药物过量死亡风险的大幅降低相关美沙酮治疗的诱导期和两种药物治疗后迅速停药期,死亡风险尤其增加,但是公共卫生和临床策略可降低这种风险。这些结果是重要的,但是需要进行进一步的研究来合理考虑阿片类药物替代治疗间死亡风险比较中的潜在混杂因素和选取偏倚,以及每种药物的治疗期间和治疗后的各个阶段。

原始出处:

Sordo L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017 Apr 26;357:j1550. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j1550.

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    2017-08-15 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-05-29 lhlxtx

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