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Nature:世纪难题被破解!二甲双胍靶点被林圣彩教授揭密!

2022-02-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

二甲双胍在临床上一直被誉为神药,最早从山羊豆中分离并合成,是山羊豆碱(galegine,异戊烯胍)衍生物,自从1957 年上市后,历经 60 多年的发展,至今不仅作为一线降糖药在使用,也是真正的糖尿病

二甲双胍在临床上一直被誉为神药,最早从山羊豆中分离并合成,是山羊豆碱(galegine,异戊烯胍)衍生物,自从1957 年上市后,历经 60 多年的发展,至今不仅作为一线降糖药在使用,也是真正的糖尿病全程治疗药物,从糖尿病预防到到糖尿病前期到糖尿病各个阶段皆可用药。在横向对比中,最佳有效剂量二甲双胍治疗的降糖疗效要强于其他口服降糖药,同时二甲双胍还无禁忌证,是治疗2型糖尿病的首选药物和联合治疗方案中的基础药物。另外,发现越来越多的神奇功效,包括预防肿瘤,预防衰老等,见:“神药”二甲双胍,又发现34个新作用。

但是,它的具体作用靶点一直并不清晰。近年来有研究显示,二甲双胍在线粒体中存在一个作用靶点——线粒体甘油磷酸脱氢酶(mGPD)。二甲双胍通过抑制mGPD的活性,阻断α-磷酸甘油穿梭的过程,使NADH在胞浆内聚积,使以乳酸和甘油为底物的糖异生过程受到抑制。另外,也有认为二甲双胍发挥降糖作用的第一靶点可能在肠道。二甲双胍在肠道内迅速激活肠道AMPK及其下游信号通路,进而通过分布于肠道的迷走神经传入纤维将局部信号传递至中枢,再通过迷走神经传出纤维支配肝脏,最终抑制肝脏的葡萄糖输出,见“神药”二甲双胍通过影响肠道微生物起减肥作用!、Cell Metab:“药界传奇”二甲双胍的克星居然来自肠道微生物!。总之,众说纷芸。

虽然二甲双胍有着如此耀眼的作用,但是也有一些副作用,如果清楚其作用靶点,将来就有可能合成新的替代药物,既保留其作用,又能减轻副作用的新型化合物,这真正是科学的进步的要求。

近日,厦门大学林圣彩教授团队经历7年的科研攻关,用特异性分子探针方法“钓鱼”破解了破解二甲双胍直接作用靶点之谜,林圣彩团队的这项工作称得上是里程碑式的工作,被称为“林通路”,这项研究发表在Nature杂志上。

从2014年起,林圣彩团队就开始研究二甲双胍的机制。早年,很多学者都发现二甲双胍能够激活AMPK蛋白,AMPK是人体自噬信号通路中的关键蛋白。但是,如何激活AMPK并不清楚。同时,二甲双胍对人体内AMPK的天然激活剂AMP并没有明显的影响,因此,二甲双胍可能是通过其它途径影响到AMPK的。

他们团队在2016年于Cell Metabolism上报道了二甲双胍可能通过“溶酶体途径”的通路,激活AMPK的初步结论。

在上述基础上,他们最终找到了二甲双胍的分子靶点——早老素增强子2(Presenilin enhancer2,PEN2),它是γ-分泌酶组分亚基(γ-分泌酶包括PS1, nicastrin,APH1a, PEN2),进一步厘清它导向溶酶体途径,激活AMPK的具体方式。

figure 2

图:PEN2 binds to metformin and is required for low-dose metformin-induced AMPK activation

这一工作的关键在于他们团队合成了二甲双胍的化学探针。

figure 3

Fig. 3: ATP6AP1 tethers PEN2 to v-ATPase for AMPK activation.

在确认了二甲双胍能靶向PEN2以后,如何进一步导致下游信号的改变时,研究者接下来研究了二甲双胍结合如何导致 PEN2 与 v-ATPase 相交并抑制。通过质谱分析了在与溶酶体的蛋白质提取物孵育后免疫沉淀的 PEN2。在 PEN2 猎物中共检测到 1881 种蛋白质,其中 889 种在二甲双胍治疗后发生变化。在这 889 种蛋白质中,123 种是溶酶体驻留蛋白。在这 123 个候选者中,我们对 v-ATPase8 的辅助因子 ATP6AP1(也称为 Ac45)特别感兴趣,因为它与 PEN2 的二甲双胍依赖性相互作用可以通过细胞和体外共免疫沉淀测定来验证。结构域映射实验确定构成 ATP6AP1 跨膜结构域的 420 至 440 位氨基酸残基负责 PEN2 结合。表明ATP6AP1 将 PEN2 连接到 v-ATPase 以激活 AMPK。

进一步通过动物模型研究发现,如果敲除了PEN2或ATP6AP1,二甲双胍不但不能激活AMPK,同时降低脂肪肝、缓解高血糖、延长寿命等诸多效果就都随之消失。

figure 4

这些结果充分说明,二甲双胍确实通过PEN2激活AMPK,并起到各种功效,也就是说,PEN2就是二甲双胍的靶点。

总之,我们发现 PEN2 是二甲双胍的分子靶点,它与葡萄糖传感途径相交以激活 AMPK,从而引发类似于葡萄糖饥饿或卡路里限制所诱导的益处。 PEN2-ATP6AP1 轴为筛选二甲双胍替代品提供了潜在目标,二甲双胍可用于更广泛的组织,例如肌肉,从而在治疗糖尿病和其他代谢疾病方面产生更好的疗效。

梅斯医学认为,这项研究未来可能还会产生很多影响。PS/γ分泌酶负责老年痴呆症相关蛋白β淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白(APP)、信号转导受体Notch和其他Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白的剪切,其组成单位至少有四种:presenilins(PS,包括PS1和PS2)、nicastrin(NCT)、APH-1和PEN-2。二甲双胍靶向PEN-2,可能会对老年性痴呆产生作用。事实上,不少老年性痴呆患者中,PEN-2基因存在突变。另外,此前也有一项大型回顾性研究竟然发现:用神药的代价是阿尔兹海默症风险升高50%?二甲双胍再遭滑铁卢!,如果从PEN-2基因角度解释,似乎可能寻找到合适的答案。

虽然,PEN2在肿瘤,衰老,痴呆,降糖等作用中都被逐步被揭示。但是,PEN-2靶点能否完全解释二甲双胍的作用,还需要进一步研究。毕竟作为小分子药物,其靶点的特异性并不是特别强的。未来可能还需要更多的研究,以解释二甲双胍的不同作用。

原始出处:

Ma, T., Tian, X., Zhang, B. et al. Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04431-8

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林圣彩教授在这一领域的主要研究成果

Xu X, Ding G, Liu C, Ding Y, Chen X, Huang X, Zhang CS, Lu S, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen Z, Wei W, Liao L, Lin SH, Li J, Liu W, Li J, Lin SC, Ma X, Wong J. Nuclear UHRF1 is a gate-keeper of cellular AMPK activity and function.Cell Res. 2022 Jan;32(1):54-71

Li M, Zhang CS, Feng JW, Wei X, Zhang C, Xie C, Wu Y, Hawley SA, Atrih A, Lamont DJ, Wang Z, Piao HL, Hardie DG, Lin SC.Aldolase is a sensor for both low and high glucose, linking to AMPK and mTORC1.Cell Res. 2021 Apr;31(4):478-481

González A, Hall MN, Lin SC, Hardie DG. AMPK and TOR: The Yin and Yang of Cellular Nutrient Sensing and Growth Control.Cell Metab. 2020 Mar 3;31(3):472-492

Zhang CS, Hardie DG, Lin SC.Glucose Starvation Blocks Translation at Multiple Levels.Cell Metab. 2020 Feb 4;31(2):217-218

Li M, Zhang CS, Zong Y, Feng JW, Ma T, Hu M, Lin Z, Li X, Xie C, Wu Y, Jiang D, Li Y, Zhang C, Tian X, Wang W, Yang Y, Chen J, Cui J, Wu YQ, Chen X, Liu QF, Wu J, Lin SY, Ye Z, Liu Y, Piao HL, Yu L, Zhou Z, Xie XS, Hardie DG, Lin SC.Transient Receptor Potential V Channels Are Essential for Glucose Sensing by Aldolase and AMPK.Cell Metab. 2019 Sep 3;30(3):508-524.e12

Zong Y, Zhang CS, Li M, Wang W, Wang Z, Hawley SA, Ma T, Feng JW, Tian X, Qi Q, Wu YQ, Zhang C, Ye Z, Lin SY, Piao HL, Hardie DG, Lin SC.Hierarchical activation of compartmentalized pools of AMPK depends on severity of nutrient or energy stress.Cell Res. 2019 Jun;29(6):460-473

Zhang CS, Li M, Zong Y, Lin SC.Determining AMPK Activation via the Lysosomal v-ATPase-Ragulator-AXIN/LKB1 Axis.Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1732:393-411

Zhang CS, Hawley SA, Zong Y, Li M, Wang Z, Gray A, Ma T, Cui J, Feng JW, Zhu M, Wu YQ, Li TY, Ye Z, Lin SY, Yin H, Piao HL, Hardie DG, Lin SC.Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and aldolase mediate glucose sensing by AMPK.Nature. 2017 Aug 3;548(7665):112-116

Zhang CS, Li M, Ma T, Zong Y, Cui J, Feng JW, Wu YQ, Lin SY, Lin SC.Metformin Activates AMPK through the Lysosomal Pathway.Cell Metab. 2016 Oct 11;24(4):521-522

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    2023-01-03 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2090613, encodeId=f12d209061358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=07a69996557' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶点#</a>被<a href='/topic/show?id=68d610485995' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#林圣彩#</a>揭示,<a href='/topic/show?id=abc710486041' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PEN2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=99965, encryptionId=07a69996557, topicName=靶点), TopicDto(id=104859, encryptionId=68d610485995, topicName=林圣彩), TopicDto(id=104860, encryptionId=abc710486041, topicName=PEN2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 11:47:13 CST 2022, time=2022-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885661, encodeId=9f6c188566100, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 04:06:47 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1198022, encodeId=e657119802231, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3db1761596, createdName=ms5833112425946735, createdTime=Mon Feb 28 14:54:16 CST 2022, time=2022-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197151, encodeId=44a5119e151cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=26762630048, createdName=578830034, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 10:27:52 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196841, encodeId=52f0119684174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=46905128057, createdName=zy&kt, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 15:31:46 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196760, encodeId=82cb1196e6083, content=γ-分泌酶在外周也有分布?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:27:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196758, encodeId=3fa51196e584a, content=厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:26:45 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-28 ms5833112425946735

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2090613, encodeId=f12d209061358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=07a69996557' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶点#</a>被<a href='/topic/show?id=68d610485995' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#林圣彩#</a>揭示,<a href='/topic/show?id=abc710486041' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PEN2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=99965, encryptionId=07a69996557, topicName=靶点), TopicDto(id=104859, encryptionId=68d610485995, topicName=林圣彩), TopicDto(id=104860, encryptionId=abc710486041, topicName=PEN2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 11:47:13 CST 2022, time=2022-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885661, encodeId=9f6c188566100, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 04:06:47 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1198022, encodeId=e657119802231, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3db1761596, createdName=ms5833112425946735, createdTime=Mon Feb 28 14:54:16 CST 2022, time=2022-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197151, encodeId=44a5119e151cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=26762630048, createdName=578830034, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 10:27:52 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196841, encodeId=52f0119684174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=46905128057, createdName=zy&kt, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 15:31:46 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196760, encodeId=82cb1196e6083, content=γ-分泌酶在外周也有分布?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:27:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196758, encodeId=3fa51196e584a, content=厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:26:45 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-25 578830034

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2090613, encodeId=f12d209061358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=07a69996557' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶点#</a>被<a href='/topic/show?id=68d610485995' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#林圣彩#</a>揭示,<a href='/topic/show?id=abc710486041' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PEN2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=99965, encryptionId=07a69996557, topicName=靶点), TopicDto(id=104859, encryptionId=68d610485995, topicName=林圣彩), TopicDto(id=104860, encryptionId=abc710486041, topicName=PEN2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 11:47:13 CST 2022, time=2022-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885661, encodeId=9f6c188566100, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 04:06:47 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1198022, encodeId=e657119802231, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3db1761596, createdName=ms5833112425946735, createdTime=Mon Feb 28 14:54:16 CST 2022, time=2022-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197151, encodeId=44a5119e151cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=26762630048, createdName=578830034, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 10:27:52 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196841, encodeId=52f0119684174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=46905128057, createdName=zy&kt, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 15:31:46 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196760, encodeId=82cb1196e6083, content=γ-分泌酶在外周也有分布?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:27:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196758, encodeId=3fa51196e584a, content=厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:26:45 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-24 zy&kt

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2090613, encodeId=f12d209061358, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=07a69996557' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶点#</a>被<a href='/topic/show?id=68d610485995' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#林圣彩#</a>揭示,<a href='/topic/show?id=abc710486041' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PEN2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=99965, encryptionId=07a69996557, topicName=靶点), TopicDto(id=104859, encryptionId=68d610485995, topicName=林圣彩), TopicDto(id=104860, encryptionId=abc710486041, topicName=PEN2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 11:47:13 CST 2022, time=2022-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885661, encodeId=9f6c188566100, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 04:06:47 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1198022, encodeId=e657119802231, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3db1761596, createdName=ms5833112425946735, createdTime=Mon Feb 28 14:54:16 CST 2022, time=2022-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197151, encodeId=44a5119e151cf, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=26762630048, createdName=578830034, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 10:27:52 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196841, encodeId=52f0119684174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=46905128057, createdName=zy&kt, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 15:31:46 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196760, encodeId=82cb1196e6083, content=γ-分泌酶在外周也有分布?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:27:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196758, encodeId=3fa51196e584a, content=厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Thu Feb 24 11:26:45 CST 2022, time=2022-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-24 医者仁者

    γ-分泌酶在外周也有分布?

    0

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    2022-02-24 医者仁者

    厉害!

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