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Nat Genet:自闭症遗传风险大多来自常见基因变异

2014-07-24 王英 生物通

最近,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)资助的一项研究发现,大多数的自闭症遗传风险来自于常见基因变异,而不是罕见基因变异或自发故障。在这项迄今最大的研究中,遗传可能性比其他风险因素更加重要。 西奈山伊坎医学院(ISMMS)的Joseph Buxbaum博士解释说:“基因变异可能引起了大约60%的自闭症,常见的变异包含大多数的遗传结构。虽然每个变异单独只发挥很小的影响,但这些常见的遗传

最近,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)资助的一项研究发现,大多数的自闭症遗传风险来自于常见基因变异,而不是罕见基因变异或自发故障。在这项迄今最大的研究中,遗传可能性比其他风险因素更加重要。

西奈山伊坎医学院(ISMMS)的Joseph Buxbaum博士解释说:“基因变异可能引起了大约60%的自闭症,常见的变异包含大多数的遗传结构。虽然每个变异单独只发挥很小的影响,但这些常见的遗传编码变异结合在一起,会产生实质性的影响。”相关研究结果发表在2014年7月20日的《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志。

NIH国家精神卫生研究所主任(NIMH)Thomas R. Insel 博士称:“由于足够样本量的统计功效提高,自闭症遗传学家现在可以直接检测与风险相关的常见及罕见遗传变异。认识遗传风险的性质,将揭示这种疾病分子根源的线索。常见的变异可能比我们想象的更为重要。”

虽然自闭症被认为是由遗传因素和其他因素(包括环境因素)相互作用造成的,但是它们的相对贡献及其遗传结构,仍没有明确的共识。最近,已有证明表明,自闭症患者的基因组,更容易携带罕见突变,通常是自发的,这会发挥强大的影响,可在很大程度上导致特殊疾病。

更具挑战性的是,评估大多数人共有遗传编码中很多变异对自闭症风险的共同影响,它们单独起着非常微妙的影响。样本量和组成的局限性,使得我们很难检测这些影响和估测这种常见、罕见遗传的和罕见自发变异的相对影响。

方法和统计模型的差异,有时也会导致自闭症遗传可能性的估计有差异。同时,最近进行的精神分裂症全基因组研究,已经获得了足够大的样本大小,来揭示这种疾病中100多个常见基因变异的参与。这些研究有望改善基础生物学的理解,甚至风险评分的发展,这可能有助于预测“谁会受益于早期的干预措施”,将精神病扼杀在萌芽状态。

研究人员称,根据他们的新研究,自闭症遗传学开始加快研究步伐。通过瑞典的全民健康登记,研究人员将一个大约3000名自闭症患者组与对照组进行比较。他们还采用新的统计学方法,更加可靠地整理疾病的遗传可能性。此外,他们能够将研究结果与160万瑞典家庭的平行研究进行比较。最佳的统计模型形成,主要是根据多基因和非共享环境因素的联合作用。

NIMH基因组研究部门的Thomas Lehner博士解释说:“这项分析,不同于以往研究所采用的分析方法。研究人员采用来自全基因组研究的数据,来识别一种遗传模型,而不是只集中确定遗传风险因素。研究人员能够从人口为基础的登记中挑选出所有患病案例。”

现在,遗传结构已经得以更好的理解,研究人员正在识别样本中检测到的特定遗传风险因素,例如遗传物质的缺失和重复,和自发突变。研究人员指出,虽然这种罕见的自发突变只引起很小一部分的自闭症风险,但这些问题的巨大影响,使它们成为了解这种疾病分子基础的重要线索。

Buxbaum称:“在一个给定的家庭中,突变可能是导致一个特定家庭成员自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)表现的关键决定因素。一个家庭可能有共同的遗传变异,使其成员处于疾病风险,但是如果也有另外一个自发突变,它就可以使人患病。所以对很多家庭而言,常见和自发性遗传因素之间的相互作用,可能是这种疾病的根本遗传结构。”

原始出处:

Gaugler T1, Klei L2, Sanders SJ3, Bodea CA1, Goldberg AP4, Lee AB1, Mahajan M5, Manaa D5, Pawitan Y6, Reichert J7, Ripke S8, Sandin S6, Sklar P9, Svantesson O6, Reichenberg A10, Hultman CM6, Devlin B2, Roeder K11, Buxbaum JD12.Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation.Nat Genet. 2014 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/ng.3039. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-02-02 canlab
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    2015-03-26 江川靖瑶
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    2015-07-05 liye789132251
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    2014-11-16 cy0324
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    2014-07-26 xiongke014

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