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Nature:慢性炎症:老龄化成纤维细胞的异质性影响重编程和伤口愈合效率

2019-11-07 秋枫 BioArt

老龄化的一个重要特征是伴随的慢性炎症,不过慢性炎症对特定细胞的影响却仍旧未知。成纤维细胞存在于大部分组织中,它们能促进创伤愈合。另外,成纤维细胞最广泛的应用是用于重编程诱导产生多能干细胞。过去,一些科学家研究了老龄化和衰老对重编程的影响,但是我们还缺乏对这种影响的系统性评估。

老龄化的一个重要特征是伴随的慢性炎症,不过慢性炎症对特定细胞的影响却仍旧未知。成纤维细胞存在于大部分组织中,它们能促进创伤愈合。另外,成纤维细胞最广泛的应用是用于重编程诱导产生多能干细胞。过去,一些科学家研究了老龄化和衰老对重编程的影响,但是我们还缺乏对这种影响的系统性评估。

来自美国斯坦福大学的Anne Brunet课题组在Nature杂志上发表了长文文章Heterogeneity in old fibroblasts is linked to variability in reprogramming and wound healing。他们发现,老年小鼠成纤维细胞培养物中含有炎性因子,增强了不同小鼠之间细胞重编程效率的可变性,并且影响了个体之间的创伤愈合效率。

研究人员首先分析了年龄对成纤维细胞分泌炎性因子的影响,通过对分别来自老年小鼠和年轻小鼠成纤维细胞的条件培养物进行检测,发现相比年轻小鼠,老年小鼠的成纤维细胞的体内系统环境以及体外条件培养基中分泌了更多的促炎因子、抗炎因子和生长因子。

接下来,研究人员分析了年龄对细胞重编程的影响,如图1。结果显示,年龄对重编程的平均效率没有明显影响,不过,随着年龄增大,重编程效率变得不稳定,一些老年小鼠表现出增强了的重编程效率,而另外一些老年小鼠则正好相反。研究人员在来自不同组织的成纤维细胞培养中得到了类似的现象。

进一步的转录组、表观遗传组以及代谢组学分析显示,老年成纤维细胞富集的转录活性主要涉及分泌因子、细胞外基质、收缩力、炎症和伤口愈合等。这些特征是活化成纤维细胞的标志,表观遗传组与代谢组学分析也证实,成纤维细胞的活化与重编程的效率密切相关。

接下来,研究人员对来自不同年龄的成纤维细胞培养物进行了单细胞测序分析。结果显示,老年小鼠来源的成纤维细胞培养物中,重编程效率高的培养物中活化的成纤维细胞数量较多,这说明,活化的成纤维细胞的比率影响了重编程的效率。

研究人员通过交换重编程表现好和不好的成纤维细胞培养物的条件培养基,发现外源因素对重编程的效率同样有着非常重要的影响。其中,IL-6能提高重编程效率,而TNF和IL-1β则抑制了重编程效率。因此,影响重编程效率的因素,一是培养物中活化的成纤维细胞与非活化成纤维细胞的比率,二是培养基中炎性因子的比率,这两个条件共同决定了重编程的效率。

研究人员还分析了不同年龄来源的成纤维细胞对伤口愈合的影响。与重编程类似,老龄化并不影响伤口愈合的平均速率,只不过,老年小鼠的伤口愈合速率也变得不稳定。通过单细胞测序分析以及流式细胞分选,研究人员发现,老年小鼠中,伤口愈合速度慢的小鼠成纤维细胞比较丰富,而伤口愈合速度快的小鼠则是免疫细胞比较丰富。

总之,本研究发现,体外细胞重编程以及体内伤口愈合的不稳定与小鼠的老龄化密切相关,在这两个生理过程中,炎性因子都发挥了重要的作用。理解老龄化对重编程以及伤口愈合等生理过程的影响机制,有利于以后进行个性化治疗方案的设计。

原始出处:
Mahmoudi S1, Mancini E1, Xu L1,2, Moore A3,4, et al.Heterogeneity in old fibroblasts is linked to variability in reprogramming and wound healing.Nature. 2019 Oct;574(7779):553-558. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1658-5. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

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