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Brain Stimul:孙伯民教授在难治性神经性厌食症手术治疗中获新突破

2020-04-18 MedSci MedSci原创

神经性厌食症(Anorexia Nervosa),通常简称为厌食症,是一种严重进食障碍,其特征是患者对身体外形及体重的自我感知扭曲而导致的自发的和持续的饮食摄入减少。根据美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第五

神经性厌食症(Anorexia Nervosa),通常简称为厌食症,是一种严重进食障碍,其特征是患者对身体外形及体重的自我感知扭曲而导致的自发的和持续的饮食摄入减少。根据美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第五版(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, DSM-V)可将厌食症分为限制型和暴食清除型两个亚型。厌食症也常常共病抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症等精神疾病。成人厌食症的治疗难度极大:尚无循证医学证据表明药物治疗的有效性;据估计,约20%的患者对现治疗手段无效。

孙伯民教授前期研究结果显示双侧伏隔核(Nucleus Accumbens, NAcc)深部脑刺激术(Deep Brain Stimulation,DBS)可作为难治性厌食症的有效外科神经调控治疗手段,但仍需更大样本的随访队列研究证实。

最近,孙伯民教授团队的前瞻性临床研究结果在国际神经调控权威期刊Brain Stimulation在线发表。

孙伯民教授

探究伏隔核深部脑电刺激术(NAcc-DBS)治疗难治性神经性厌食的安全性、可行性和有效性。

该前瞻性研究旨在探究NAcc-DBS在难治性厌食症患者中的安全性和有效性,主要研究终点为术后两年随访节点手术相关并发症的发生率和身体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)的改善程度;次要研究终点为24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、耶鲁-布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)的改善程度。 

本研究入组29名难治性厌食症患者,1名患者因非医疗因素未完成两年随访,共28名患者纳入数据分析,其中限制型厌食症患者13名,暴食清除型患者15名。术前基线BMI平均值13.01 (SD 1.86) kg/m2。

安全性方面,本研究中未出现死亡病例的报道,但一名患者出现了对刺激器的排异反应。最常见的手术相关短期不良事件为切口部位的疼痛(N =22),通常术后3-4天即可消失。本研究未记录到严重的手术相关不良事件。未出现颅内血肿、手术切口感染、电极移位、断裂等严重手术并发症。

有效性方面,BMI在术后六月随访节点即得到显著改善,术后两年BMI平均值为17.73 (SD 3.54) kg/m2,显著优于术前基线水平。在情绪共病方面,抑郁、焦虑、强迫共病在术后两年随访节点也有显著改善。患者的社会功能评分显著优于术前基线水平。手术对患者的智力水平无明显影响。进一步的事后分析则显示,NAcc-DBS效果在单纯限制型厌食症患者中的效果更为显著。

本次长期随访研究表明,NAcc-DBS对治疗难治性神经性厌食症的体重过低和情绪共病是有效的。尽管NAcc-DBS在限制型厌食症患者中似乎更为有效,但考虑到潜在的手术相关并发症,需要采取严格的手术入排标准。

孙伯民教授对神经性厌食症的手术治疗已经有十多年的经验,有超过300例的手术治疗,对这方面的体会也越来越深,包括对于患者适应症的把握、手法方式的选择、围手术期的处理,积累了丰富的经验。在全世界发表了第一篇神经性厌食症的脑深部电刺激治疗,去年又发表了内囊前肢毁损治疗难治性神经性厌食症,具有里程碑意义,因为是发在美国神经外科杂志,而且又是毁损手术,因为此前业界对毁损手术都有一定的争议,但手术结果和长期随访证明手术的安全性和有效性都非常好。

孙伯民教授认为:只有轻度神经性厌食症适合做脑起搏器(DBS),而中度和重度神经性厌食症,必须要考虑毁损手术,因为我们的目的是治愈患者的神经性厌食症并且获得较好的生活质量。

原始出处:

Liu W, Zhan S, Li D, Lin Z, Zhang C, Wang T, Pan S, Zhang J, Cao C, Jin H, Li Y, Sun B. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: A long-term follow-up study.Brain Stimul. 2020 Feb 6;13(3):643-649. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.004

作者介绍:

孙伯民 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院功能神经外科,主任医师,博士生导师,现任世界立体定向及功能神经外科学会(WSSFN)秘书长,亚洲癫痫外科学会常委。研究方向:脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗帕金森病及强迫症等脑疾病。

占世坤 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院功能神经外科,副主任医师;研究方向:癫痫、运动障碍病、面肌痉挛、癫痫性精神障碍的外科治疗。

刘伟 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院功能神经外科,主治医师;研究方向:癫痫、厌食症的手术治疗。

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    2020-09-19 zxxiang
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    2020-04-19 freve

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2020年,美国内分泌外科协会(AAES)发布了成人甲状腺疾病的明确手术治疗指南,主要目的是针对甲状腺切除术提供安全、有效的建议,帮助临床医生优化甲状腺疾病的手术治疗。

手术治疗为难治性癫痫患者带来新希望

癫痫(epilepsy)即俗称的“羊角风”或“羊癫风”,是大脑神经元突发性异常放电,导致短暂的大脑功能障碍的一种慢性疾病。据中国抗癫痫协会数据显示,我国癫痫“终生患病率”约7‰,据此估算,中国约有900万癫痫患者,其中约600万是活动性癫痫患者,同时每年还新增癫痫患者约40万,在中国癫痫已经成为神经科仅次于头痛的第二大常见病。

转移性乳腺癌考虑手术治疗吗?

欧美等国家每年新诊断的Ⅳ期乳腺癌占所有乳腺癌的3%~6%,不发达国家高达25%。人们非常关注Ⅳ期乳腺癌局部治疗是否可以改善生存,很多研究也对此进行了探讨,但研究异质性很大,结论亦不统一。近年来,转移性乳腺癌接受原发肿瘤手术治疗的患者数量正在逐渐下降,1988~2006年平均每年下降3.2%,2006~2011年平均每年下降7.1%,这是否意味着人们更加趋向于不认同局部治疗在Ⅳ期乳腺癌中的作用呢?2

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