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Cell:iPS细胞生物反应器制备海量血小板新工艺

2018-07-13 小通 生物通

富含营养的血液流畅地流经全身。在一项新研究中,京都大学的科学家们意外发现,血液中细小的水平湍流可以极大地促进血小板生成。利用这一新发现的知识,他们研发了一种生物反应器,利用iPS细胞快速生产海量血小板,这些血小板可用于帮助患者伤口愈合。

富含营养的血液流畅地流经全身。在一项新研究中,京都大学的科学家们意外发现,血液中细小的水平湍流可以极大地促进血小板生成。利用这一新发现的知识,他们研发了一种生物反应器,利用iPS细胞快速生产海量血小板,这些血小板可用于帮助患者伤口愈合。

富含营养的血液流畅地流经全身。在一项新研究中,京都大学的科学家们意外发现,血液中细小的水平湍流可以极大地促进血小板生成。利用这一新发现的知识,他们研发了一种生物反应器,利用iPS细胞快速生产海量血小板,这些血小板可用于帮助患者伤口愈合。

输血是最古老的细胞治疗形式,几个世纪以来就这么做了。血小板是促进止血的血细胞,输血小板常见于手术、癌症以及血小板相关疾病治疗。但是,来自捐赠者的血小板只能储存几天,因此红十字等组织需要定期组织采血。随着人口老龄化增加,许多国家都将出现血液供体短缺,例如日本,未来十年,平均每五位患者的血小板捐赠者将下降到仅剩4人。

京都大学iPS细胞研究所(CiRA)教授Koji Eto课题组利用iPS细胞技术生产血小板以取代对捐赠者的依赖。实际上,血小板是非常小的碎片,血流不断冲刷一种名为巨核细胞的大型细胞,掉落下来的细胞表面就是血小板。巨核细胞可以长时间储存,但它们在体内极为罕见,因此很难从供体处获得。Eto课题组找到了解决问题的关键——利用iPS细胞无限供应巨核细胞。

为了从巨核细胞生产血小板,工程师们构建了模拟血流的生物反应器。但是,像常规患者护理需要1000亿个以上血小板,没有生物反应器可以达到这种生产量。

“生物反应器相关研究很多,但是它们都只使用层流(laminar flow),没人想到用湍流(turbulence),”Eto说。

为了达到患者治疗所需的数量,新研究表明,结合湍流是生物反应器的关键。这种认识来自研究人员对小鼠血液流动的微观观察:虽然血流大部分是层流,但是巨核细胞周围存在湍流。

为了制造湍流,他们的新生物反应器采用了法压咖啡壶式的上下压动。进一步研究表明,湍流刺激了三种介质:巨噬细胞移动抑制因子、胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白2以及NRD转化酶(nardilysin),过去人们从未发现过,这些物质对血小板生成至关重要。

Eto实验室的血液学家Naoshi Sugimoto博士说:“我们可以使用含有这些介质的培养基特异性改善生物反应器的性能。”

最后,研究人员证明,生物反应器生产的血小板在小鼠和家兔体内表现正常,这是证明它们可以供应人类使用的关键步骤。

“我们的目标是用实验室生产的血小板取代人类捐献,”Eto说。

原始出处:YukitakaIto, SouNakamura, NaoshiSugimoto, et al. Turbulence Activates Platelet Biogenesis to Enable Clinical Scale Ex Vivo Production. Cell. 12 July 2018

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870743, encodeId=da1518e074339, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Sep 26 01:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961012, encodeId=aa4d196101287, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 18:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749241, encodeId=00571e492415d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15ece796246' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77962, encryptionId=15ece796246, topicName=细胞生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eedf36252858, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sun Feb 24 12:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377765, encodeId=bc2b13e776516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17b810004ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iPS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10004, encryptionId=17b810004ce, topicName=iPS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 08:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527126, encodeId=5e0a152e126db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24d610019a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iPS细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10019, encryptionId=24d610019a8, topicName=iPS细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27a11802753, createdName=wmr115, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 08:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-21 维他命
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    2018-07-15 柳叶一刀
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    2018-07-15 wmr115

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