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类风湿关节炎患者的运动锻炼方案

2022-08-17 风湿免疫科郑医生 风湿免疫科郑医生

运动和饮食一样,一直都是类风湿关节炎患者比较关心的话题。如果只依赖药物治疗,忽视关节功能锻炼的话,长期易导致关节活动度变小、肌肉无力和萎缩,造成关节功能障碍和生活质量下降,不利于关节功能恢复。

运动和饮食一样,一直都是类风湿关节炎患者比较关心的话题。如果只依赖药物治疗,忽视关节功能锻炼的话,长期易导致关节活动度变小、肌肉无力和萎缩,造成关节功能障碍和生活质量下降,不利于关节功能恢复。

那如何根据自身病情选择合适的运动项目和运动时长呢?2020年10月刚发布的《类风湿关节炎患者实践指南》,针对运动问题提出了详细的运动锻炼方案推荐意见。

建议类风湿关节炎患者注意适度运动。类风湿关节炎患者运动锻炼方式的具体选择应考虑多种因素,如年龄、体格、既往运动水平、疾病活动状态及是否存在关节结构性损伤等因素。因此在进行某项锻炼前,建议与医生共同讨论锻炼方式,争取较好的辅助治疗作用。

常推荐轻中度锻炼方式,如散步、游泳,尽量避免高强度负重运动及反复高冲击活动,如跑步和打球,并且以运动后不增加疼痛等疾病症状为原则。疾病缓解阶段建议类风湿关节炎患者也适度加强锻炼。具体的锻炼方案建议如下:

该运动方案是根据类风湿关节炎不同发展时期(如急性炎症期或高疾病活动状态、亚急性期和稳定期)给予不同的运动方式和强度推荐。

概况来说:

  • 急性期即高疾病活动时,要以休息为主,适度运动,如手、腕关节及四肢的被动和主动运动。

    (被动运动——腕关节屈伸运动,图片来源网络)

  • 关节肿痛等症状较前改善时,可适度增加训练,如从四肢的运动逐渐过渡到力量和有氧等动态锻炼。

  • 病情稳定期,即无明显关节肿痛时,可以选择中等强度锻炼并持之以恒。

◎可选择的运动方式有:

 手腕关节等关节活动锻炼、伸展运动、步行、太极、瑜伽、水上运动(含游泳,忌冷水)、骑行等。

◎运动强度和时间

  • 运动强度根据病情转归逐步增加,以运动后不加重疼痛或运动后疼痛不超过2小时为宜;

  • 运动时间从活动期的小量分次到稳定期的每周3~5次,每次30min,同样也是逐渐增加。

◎运动时要记住:

  • 最好是在开始任何锻炼计划之前寻求医生的建议;

  • 每次运动前要做一下热身动作;

  • 不要忘记小关节如手腕部关节功能活动度锻炼;

  • 不要过度运动;

  • 根据自身的疾病活动情况选择合适的运动方式、强度、时间,在症状严重的时候,可以减少锻炼强度;

  • 要长期坚持,不要盼望短时间内达到较好的康复;

  • 最后,请记住,尽管运动很重要,但避免不适或受伤也同样重要。

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    2022-08-29 皮大叉

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    2021-11-10 lmm397
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