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Nat Neurosci:科学家鉴定出阿尔茨海默症患者失忆的机制

2014-01-21 KOO shengwu360

阿尔茨海默症是一种不可逆的致命大脑疾病,会逐渐摧毁患者的记忆和思维能力。由于缺少有效的治疗方式,随着人口的老化,到 2050 年全球将出现 1 亿阿尔茨海默患者。日前,来自美国知名医学研究机构克利夫兰诊所(Cleveland Clinic)的科学家们鉴定了导致这些患者失忆的关键蛋白。神经连接蛋白 NLGN1 是一种突触后蛋白,存在于中枢系统的兴奋性突触中,控制着兴奋性突触的有效性和大脑的可塑性。此

阿尔茨海默症是一种不可逆的致命大脑疾病,会逐渐摧毁患者的记忆和思维能力。由于缺少有效的治疗方式,随着人口的老化,到 2050 年全球将出现 1 亿阿尔茨海默患者。

日前,来自美国知名医学研究机构克利夫兰诊所(Cleveland Clinic)的科学家们鉴定了导致这些患者失忆的关键蛋白。神经连接蛋白 NLGN1 是一种突触后蛋白,存在于中枢系统的兴奋性突触中,控制着兴奋性突触的有效性和大脑的可塑性。此前人们已经发现 NLGN1 参与了记忆的形成,现在,研究人员首次将这种蛋白与阿尔茨海默症患者的失忆联系起来。【原文下载】

在阿尔茨海默症中,β 淀粉样蛋白在患者脑部累积,会活化小胶质细胞并引发神经炎症,导致中枢神经系统的突触受损,进而造成记忆丧失。不过,此前人们对其中的机制还并不了解。

研究人员在动物模型中发现,神经炎症会影响 NLGN1 的表观遗传学修饰,干扰大脑中的突触网络。这样的网络负责记忆的形成和维持,一旦受到破坏就会导致记忆丧失。研究显示,淀粉样蛋白纤维引起的神经炎症,会在 NLGN1 的启动子区域,抑制组蛋白 H3 的乙酰化并且增强胞嘧啶的甲基化,最终减少 NLGN1 的表达。

论文资深作者 Mohamed Naguib 博士表示:“治疗阿尔茨海默症非常有挑战性,为此人们一直在进行多方面的研究。我们的发现将为人们提供治疗和预防阿尔茨海默症的新途径。”

此前, Naguib 和他的同事曾发现,一种被称为 MDA7 的化合物,能够中止影响 NLGN1 修饰的神经炎症。他们发现,这一化合物的处理可以在动物模型中,恢复认知能力、记忆和突触的可塑性,这些都是学习和记忆的关键神经学基础。

目前,研究人员已经完成了主要的前期工作,包括体外实验、前期临床毒理学和药代动力学研究。他们计划在不久的将来,开展针对 MDA7 的I期人体试验。

原文出处:


Bihua Bie, Jiang Wu, Hui Yang, Jijun J Xu, David L Brown & Mohamed Naguib. Epigenetic suppression of neuroligin 1 underlies amyloid-induced memory deficiency. Nature Neuroscience, 19 January 2014; doi:10.1038/nn.3618 【原文下载】

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    2014-09-19 liye789132251
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    2014-01-23 lsndxfj
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