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PNAS:熊果酸逆转多发性硬化症中的神经元损伤

2020-04-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

目前治疗多发性硬化症(MS)的药物主要起的是免疫调节作用,对受损的中枢神经系统(CNS)组织的神经再生作用不大或根本没有影响。因此,这些药物主要是在疾病的急性阶段起效,但在慢性阶段的效果要差得多。

目前治疗多发性硬化症(MS)的药物主要起的是免疫调节作用,对受损的中枢神经系统(CNS)组织的神经再生作用不大或根本没有影响。因此,这些药物主要是在疾病的急性阶段起效,但在慢性阶段的效果要差得多。

因此,一种同时具有免疫调节和神经再生作用的MS疗法将是非常有益的。在最近的一项研究中,我国研究人员利用多种体内和体外策略,证明了具有抗炎作用的天然三萜类物质--熊果酸(UA),也能直接促进少突胶质细胞成熟和中枢神经系统髓鞘修复。

在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的动物模型(一种MS的动物模型)中,UA的口服治疗显著降低了疾病的严重程度和中枢神经系统的炎症和脱髓鞘。

重要的是,即使在免疫后第60天开始UA治疗,在有全面脱髓鞘和轴突损伤的EAE小鼠中可以观察到中枢神经系统的再髓鞘化和神经修复。在体内和体外脑器官型切片培养物中,UA治疗还增强了杯状细胞诱导的脱髓鞘模型中的再髓鞘化,并在体外促进了少突胶质细胞的成熟,表明其有直接的髓鞘化能力。

从机理上讲,UA通过过氧化体增殖体激活受体γ(PPARγ)/CREB信号转导,诱导星形胶质细胞中的原髓鞘神经营养因子CNTF,以及通过PPARγ激活上调少突胶质细胞成熟过程中的髓鞘相关基因表达。

总之,该研究结果表明,UA作为一种口服抗炎和神经修复剂,对MS,特别是在慢性进行性阶段,具有显著的潜力。

 

原始出处:

Zhang Y et al. A dual effect of ursolic acid to the treatment of multiple sclerosis through both immunomodulation and direct remyelination. PNAS, 2020; doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000208117.

 

 

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