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内分泌疾病简明诊断公式,你值得收藏!

2014-08-28 佚名 医学界

一、胰腺疾病 多尿+多饮+多食+体重↓=“三多一少” 青少年+起病急+“三多一少”+空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L=1型糖尿病 中老年+肥胖+起病缓+“三多一少” +空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L =2型糖尿病 糖尿病症状加重+消化道症状+呼吸深大、呼气中有烂苹果味+意识障碍+血糖16.7~33.3mmol/L=糖尿病酮症酸中毒 中、老年人+糖尿病症状轻+神经精神症状+血糖33.3~66

一、胰腺疾病

多尿+多饮+多食+体重↓=“三多一少”

青少年+起病急+“三多一少”+空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L=1型糖尿病

中老年+肥胖+起病缓+“三多一少” +空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L =2型糖尿病

糖尿病症状加重+消化道症状+呼吸深大、呼气中有烂苹果味+意识障碍+血糖16.7~33.3mmol/L=糖尿病酮症酸中毒

中、老年人+糖尿病症状轻+神经精神症状+血糖33.3~66.6mmol+血钠达155mmol/L以上=高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷

交感神经过度兴奋症状(心慌、脉快、出冷汗、手足颤等)+神经低糖症状(头晕、视矇、幻觉、昏迷、抽搐等)+血糖<2.8mmol/L =低血糖症

二、下丘脑-垂体病

1.垂体腺瘤

泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤+生长激素(GH)腺瘤+促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)腺瘤+促甲状腺激素(TSH)腺瘤+促性腺激素(FSH/LH)腺瘤+核磁共振(MRI)=垂体腺瘤

月经稀少/闭经+不育+持续触发泌乳+体重增加(“发胖”)+性欲减退+骨质疏松=闭经-泌乳综合征

视力下降+视乳头水肿+视神经萎缩+中线为界的双颞侧视野缺损、偏盲(*)=视神经交叉受压

头痛+偏盲型视野缺损+视力下降+海绵窦综合征=垂体肿瘤压迫症状

育龄女性+闭经-泌乳综合征+垂体瘤压迫症状=泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤

育龄女性+闭经+泌乳+发胖+鞍区磁共振检查(MRI)=泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤

青壮年+肢端肥大症+MRI/CT示垂体有肿瘤+血GH(生长激素)↑、IGF-1↑=生长激素分泌瘤

2.腺垂体功能减退症

性腺功能减退+甲状腺功能减退+肾上腺皮质功能减退=腺垂体功能减退症

产后大出血+产后无乳汁分泌+低血糖+头痛、视野缺损=Sheehan综合征(希罕综合征、希恩综合征)

应激(感染等)+胃肠道症状(严重厌食、恶心、呕吐)+高热、低血糖+神智障碍、休克、昏迷=腺垂体功能减退危象

3.中枢性尿崩症

突然起病+多尿、烦渴、多饮+喜饮凉饮料或狂饮自来水+禁水试验(+)+垂体后叶素试验(尿量↓)+鞍区MRI有占位=中枢性尿崩症

三、甲状腺疾病

1.功能失调

(1)功能亢进

代谢亢进症(怕热、多汗、多食、体重下降)+多系统兴奋症(烦躁、兴奋、房颤、腹泻、低钾性周期软瘫)+甲状腺弥漫性肿大、血管杂音、震颤+突眼+血清FT3↑、FT4↑、TSH↓=甲状腺功能亢进症

甲亢+心律失常(主要为房颤)/心脏扩大/心力衰竭/心绞痛/心梗/二尖瓣脱垂=甲亢性心脏病

应激(感染、劳累等)+甲亢症状加重(躁动、兴奋、厌食、恶心、呕吐、脉率↑、发热)=甲状腺危象

应激+甲亢症状加重+脉率120~159次/分+体温39度以下=甲状腺危象前期

应激+甲亢症状加重(前期+呕吐腹泻、大汗淋漓、谵妄昏迷、抽搐)+脉率>160次/分+体温39度以上=甲状腺危象期LL

(2)功能低下

胎儿期或新生儿期起病+脑发育障碍(严重智力低下、聋哑)+粘液性水肿+生长发育障碍=呆小病

成人期起病+代谢降低表现(畏寒、乏力、表情淡漠、反应迟钝、动作缓慢)+粘液性非凹性水肿+记忆力↓、智力↓、幻觉+心悸、气短、心动过缓+食欲减退、便秘、性欲减退+T3↓、T4↓、FSH↑=成年性甲减

老年人甲减+诱因(寒冷、感染、镇清静麻醉剂)+低体温、呼吸浅慢、心动过缓、血压下降+昏迷、休克、呼吸衰竭=粘液性水肿昏迷

2.炎症

甲状腺肿大+血T3↓、T4↓、TSH↑+血中多种抗甲状腺抗体(+)+细针穿刺示“大量淋巴细胞”=慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(桥本病)

上感+甲状腺突然胀、痛伴颞部放射+ TPOAb、TGAb滴度↑+分离现象(基础代谢率略高,而甲状腺摄取131I量↓)=亚急性甲状腺炎

3.肿瘤

流行病学(缺碘)+甲状腺弥漫性肿大(对称、光滑,质软)+后期多发结节+压迫症状=单纯性甲状腺肿

颈部圆结节(单发、稍硬,表面光滑,无压痛,随吞咽上下移动)+组织学检查有完整包膜=甲状腺腺瘤

甲状腺肿块(质硬,不光滑,吞咽时活动度低)+吞咽困难、呼吸不畅、声音嘶哑、Horner综合征+穿刺活检=甲状腺癌

颈部包块(质硬、无痛、可推动)+融合成团+寒性脓肿、窦道或慢性溃疡=颈淋巴结结核

四、肾上腺疾病

满月脸+水牛背+多毛+多语+多汗+痤疮+精神症状(欣快、失眠、情绪不稳)+易感染=类肾上腺皮质功能亢进征

类肾上腺皮质功能亢进征+血皮质醇↑+24小时尿游离皮质醇(UFC)↑;小剂量地塞米松抑制试验(-)或过夜地塞米松抑制试验(-)=库欣综合症(糖皮质激素分泌过多)

反复出现的肌无力、肌麻痹+下肢软瘫+肢端麻木、抽搐+呼吸机麻痹+补钾后缓解=低钾血症

高血压+低血钾症候群+肾上腺CT扫描有腺瘤=原发性醛固酮增多症(原醛症)

皮质醇缺乏症(乏力、淡漠、纳差、体重↓)+醛固酮缺乏症(多饮+稀释性低钠血症)+口腔黏膜色素沉着+血浆总皮质醇↓、24小时尿游离皮质醇(UFC) ↓=原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症(Addison病)

阵发性高血压+24小时尿儿茶酚胺↑、香草扁桃酸(VMA) ↑+影像学检查=嗜铬细胞瘤

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150333, encodeId=7192150333e2, content=很好的总结,实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2dcf1613323, createdName=xiehhtt, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 12:47:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682185, encodeId=d26016821850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 23:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14516, encodeId=b65a14516a5, content=总结简洁,特别适于记忆。要是能够有内分泌临床鉴别疾病的各种试验的总结,更好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160804/IMG57A2A597731524431.jpg, createdBy=915f1605932, createdName=ymmyyz, createdTime=Mon Jan 19 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392735, encodeId=bb451392e35a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=785c3034538' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30345, encryptionId=785c3034538, topicName=内分泌疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/pSGl6CJeZ2PzWxdhCtrvv4U9Q281RV8e0AKmlB5ib93DibbiaRyOzmkCdz5F04cbfX5RGOpG4dOXvuQW1fumibVeBg/132, createdBy=fc342500110, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Sat Aug 30 01:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-22 xiehhtt

    很好的总结,实用

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150333, encodeId=7192150333e2, content=很好的总结,实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2dcf1613323, createdName=xiehhtt, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 12:47:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682185, encodeId=d26016821850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 23:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14516, encodeId=b65a14516a5, content=总结简洁,特别适于记忆。要是能够有内分泌临床鉴别疾病的各种试验的总结,更好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160804/IMG57A2A597731524431.jpg, createdBy=915f1605932, createdName=ymmyyz, createdTime=Mon Jan 19 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392735, encodeId=bb451392e35a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=785c3034538' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30345, encryptionId=785c3034538, topicName=内分泌疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/pSGl6CJeZ2PzWxdhCtrvv4U9Q281RV8e0AKmlB5ib93DibbiaRyOzmkCdz5F04cbfX5RGOpG4dOXvuQW1fumibVeBg/132, createdBy=fc342500110, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Sat Aug 30 01:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-22 gwc392
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150333, encodeId=7192150333e2, content=很好的总结,实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2dcf1613323, createdName=xiehhtt, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 12:47:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682185, encodeId=d26016821850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 23:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14516, encodeId=b65a14516a5, content=总结简洁,特别适于记忆。要是能够有内分泌临床鉴别疾病的各种试验的总结,更好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160804/IMG57A2A597731524431.jpg, createdBy=915f1605932, createdName=ymmyyz, createdTime=Mon Jan 19 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392735, encodeId=bb451392e35a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=785c3034538' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30345, encryptionId=785c3034538, topicName=内分泌疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/pSGl6CJeZ2PzWxdhCtrvv4U9Q281RV8e0AKmlB5ib93DibbiaRyOzmkCdz5F04cbfX5RGOpG4dOXvuQW1fumibVeBg/132, createdBy=fc342500110, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Sat Aug 30 01:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-19 ymmyyz

    总结简洁,特别适于记忆。要是能够有内分泌临床鉴别疾病的各种试验的总结,更好!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150333, encodeId=7192150333e2, content=很好的总结,实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2dcf1613323, createdName=xiehhtt, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 12:47:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682185, encodeId=d26016821850b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4d031e8074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分泌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31780, encryptionId=d4d031e8074, topicName=分泌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0da227938338, createdName=gwc392, createdTime=Sun Mar 22 23:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14516, encodeId=b65a14516a5, content=总结简洁,特别适于记忆。要是能够有内分泌临床鉴别疾病的各种试验的总结,更好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160804/IMG57A2A597731524431.jpg, createdBy=915f1605932, createdName=ymmyyz, createdTime=Mon Jan 19 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392735, encodeId=bb451392e35a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=785c3034538' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内分泌疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30345, encryptionId=785c3034538, topicName=内分泌疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/pSGl6CJeZ2PzWxdhCtrvv4U9Q281RV8e0AKmlB5ib93DibbiaRyOzmkCdz5F04cbfX5RGOpG4dOXvuQW1fumibVeBg/132, createdBy=fc342500110, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Sat Aug 30 01:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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