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NRG1融合是极具前景的肿瘤治疗新靶点

2019-09-02 佚名 肿瘤资讯

中国肿瘤学临床试验发展论坛暨GACT/CTONG 2019年度会议召开。自2011年开始,一年一度的中国肿瘤学临床试验发展论坛为从事肿瘤临床研究的多方学者提供了学习与交流的平台,不断推动我国肿瘤临床研究事业的进步。大会上,CTONG秘书长、广东省人民医院的周清教授与大家分享了NRG1融合在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗进展,进一步点评NRG1融合这一肿瘤新靶点。

中国肿瘤学临床试验发展论坛暨GACT/CTONG 2019年度会议召开。自2011年开始,一年一度的中国肿瘤学临床试验发展论坛为从事肿瘤临床研究的多方学者提供了学习与交流的平台,不断推动我国肿瘤临床研究事业的进步。大会上,CTONG秘书长、广东省人民医院的周清教授与大家分享了NRG1融合在非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)的治疗进展,进一步点评NRG1融合这一肿瘤新靶点。

周清,教授、主任医生、博士生导师,广东省肺癌研究所副所长,广东省人民医院肺三科主任,中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)副秘书长,中国胸部肿瘤研究协作组(CTONG)秘书长,广东省临床试验协会秘书长,广东省女医师协会肺癌专业委员会主任委员。

NRG1融合虽为罕见突变,但极具治疗前景

在众多突变靶点中,NRG1(Neuroregulin1,神经调节蛋白1)融合是一个罕见的致癌驱动基因,也是刚进入人们视野的新靶点。NRG1融合在多种实体瘤中均被发现,但整体发生率极低,在非小细胞肺癌中的发生率仅有0.3%,但在特殊病理类型肺粘液腺癌则达到7~31%。同时NRG1的融合伴侣很多,能与很多其他不同的基因位点融合,形成新的融合基因后在细胞膜上表达对应的融合蛋白并启动下游信号通路。因此可以针对这一全新的靶点进行药物开发。

今天大会上,我也和大家分享了NRG1融合在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗中的药物研发进展,例如阿法替尼、以及GSK公司的正处于早期开发阶段的新药。虽然NRG1融合的发生率较低,但从目前的疗效来看NRG1融合是一个非常有前景的新靶点。1565243656675249.jpg

NRG1融合应纳入基因检测大panel,所有瘤种均推荐检测

如上所述,NRG1融合的发生率非常低,对于单一瘤种来说,这类驱动基因阳性的患者总数并不会太多。然而,如果不对其进行检测,则根本没有机会发现这类突变阳性的患者,更没有机会针对该靶点进行治疗。除了粘液性腺癌,NRG1融合在很多实体瘤中均有表达。未来,我认为应该把NRG1融合纳入到基因检测的大panel中,只有这样才能筛选出对应的获益人群。而且,我们不能单纯局限于某一瘤种或某一肿瘤亚型进行检测,而是扩大检测范围,以筛选出更多获益人群。

篮子试验和伞式试验的设计,加速少见突变临床研究的顺利开展

少见突变的临床试验设计是一大热点,也是难点,这些新靶点的临床试验与过去传统的临床试验完全不同,目前针对少见/罕见突变的临床试验模式主要有两类:一类是篮子试验,另一类是伞式试验。

篮子试验是将带有相同驱动基因的不同瘤种放进一个篮子里进行研究,采用同样的治疗模式,实现异病同治。而伞式试验是把具有不同驱动基因的肺癌拢聚在同一把雨伞之下,不同驱动基因的肺癌作为这把大伞上不同的分支,因此伞式试验是将不同的靶点检测在同一时间里完成,然后根据不同的靶基因分配不同的靶向药物。

在伞式试验中,虽然每一类驱动基因的阳性率较低,但其优势是将非常少见的突变事件集中起来,使得总体比例相对提高。总体来说,篮子试验和伞式试验能最大限度地整合患者、肿瘤标本和各种药物等资源,加速少见突变相关临床试验的顺利开展。

落实基因检测规范化,更好地服务于临床决策的制定

精准治疗,检测先行。基因检测的规范化问题至关重要,因为检测质量的可靠性直接关系到临床治疗方案决策的正确与否。在此特别呼吁所有NGS检测公司,要秉承认真负责的态度开展基因检测,同时需要仔细严谨地进行全过程质控,从最开始的标本采集、标本质量评估,到所有NGS检测的每一个环节,再到最后的报告发放与解读,必须实现全链条质控。只有这样才能保证最终拿到的是可靠的检测结果,也只有基于可靠的检测结果才能为患者制定正确的治疗方案,因此检测公司应负起应有的责任。

目前,质控标准认证体系主要包括CLIA认证、CAP认证等,我个人认为这是开展基因检测的基本门槛。尚未取得这些认证资质的公司应进一步努力以获得资质认证,而已经取得资质认证的公司则应一如既往地保持高标准、高质量去完成每一份标本的检测。

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    2019-09-04 lsndxfj
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    2019-09-04 licz0427
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