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eLife:干细胞或是维持“老当益壮”的关键要素

2017-06-07 生物谷 生物谷

近日,一项发表在国际杂志eLife上的研究报告中,来自罗彻斯特大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究发现,肌肉干细胞的缺失或是诱发老年小鼠肌肉功能衰退的主要原因,本文研究结果挑战了当前较为流行的理论,即运动神经元的缺失是诱发年龄相关肌肉功能下降的主要原因,研究人员希望后期能够开发出新型药物或疗法来减缓机体肌肉干细胞的缺失以及肌肉功能的下降。 图片

近日,一项发表在国际杂志eLife上的研究报告中,来自罗彻斯特大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究发现,肌肉干细胞的缺失或是诱发老年小鼠肌肉功能衰退的主要原因,本文研究结果挑战了当前较为流行的理论,即运动神经元的缺失是诱发年龄相关肌肉功能下降的主要原因,研究人员希望后期能够开发出新型药物或疗法来减缓机体肌肉干细胞的缺失以及肌肉功能的下降。

图片来源:University of Rochester

当我们30岁时,肌肉的尺寸和力量就已经开始慢慢下降了,但是这种变化是非常微妙的,当我们70岁时,肌肉功能的下降就会让我们变得非常脆弱,而且往往需要在其他人的帮助下才能够勉强完成一些简单的“活动”,肌肉功能下降的速度因人而异,但其可以通过饮食和锻炼减缓,实际上任何人都不可能完全免于机体肌肉功能的下降。

研究者Joe Chakkalakal说道,甚至在受过严格训练的运动员中,其随着年龄增长也会经历肌肉功能的缓慢下降。为此研究人员开始调查老年小鼠机体中肌肉功能缺失发生的具体分子机制,从而就能够为开发新型疗法来帮助人类避免类似状况提供新的思路和希望。文章中研究人员阐明了干细胞在长期维持肌肉功能上所扮演的关键角色,成年人肌肉组织中存在大量的干细胞库,其能够帮助应对锻炼或损伤等状况,从而产生新的肌肉细胞来修复损伤肌肉组织或促进肌肉生长,如今我们都知道随着机体老化肌肉干细胞也会死亡,这项研究中研究人员就首次通过研究阐明了肌肉功能缺失背后的主要诱导原因。

为了更好地理解干细胞在老化相关的肌肉功能下降过程中所扮演的关键角色,研究者Chakkalakal及其同事在不干扰运动神经元的前提下剔除了小鼠机体中的肌肉干细胞,运动神经元是一种能够控制肌肉功能的神经细胞;干细胞的缺失加速了小鼠肌肉功能下降的速度,而这种状况从中年小鼠中就已经开始发生了,而并非仅在老年小鼠中发生。相比年龄相一致的对照小鼠而言,被遗传修饰后抑制干细胞缺失的小鼠往往在老年时能够维持健康的肌肉。

与此同时,研究者并未发现证据支持老年小鼠机体运动神经元缺失的证据,非常少量的肌肉纤维完全失去了同其对应运动神经元的联系,这似乎就对长期比较流行的“去神经支配/再支配”理论提出了疑问,这种理论认为,年龄相关的肌肉功能下降或许主要是由运动神经元死亡或缺少与肌肉的联系所诱发的,随后就会引发肌肉细胞萎缩和死亡。

研究者Chakkalakal表示,本文研究中我们发现,对于久坐不动的老年人而言,其机体的干细胞仍然在发挥着作用,其能够在一生中不断维持肌肉的功能。后期研究人员还将通过更为深入的研究来寻找新型的药物靶点来开发新型药物维持肌肉干细胞库的更新,同时他们也希望能够开发出治疗肌肉变性的疾病的新型疗法。

原始出处:

Wenxuan Liu et al. Loss of adult skeletal muscle stem cells drives age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration, eLife (2017). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.26464

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    2018-05-09 clmlylxy
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    2017-07-20 膀胱癌
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    2017-06-11 虈亣靌

    学习了,受益匪浅。

    0

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    2017-06-08 微笑人参

    我觉得营养和运动很主要

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068508, encodeId=a2c12068508fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Wed May 09 13:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1973007, encodeId=63f119e300714, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Thu Jul 20 06:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=209307, encodeId=690420930ed9, content=学习了,受益匪浅。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sun Jun 11 08:46:46 CST 2017, time=2017-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208220, encodeId=9caa208220da, content=我觉得营养和运动很主要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220317/1c3b2db4747d42e88e5018b394979434/be0fcebf07344e9ab886c37c502e2f29.jpg, createdBy=6bb22051299, createdName=微笑人参, createdTime=Thu Jun 08 17:16:29 CST 2017, time=2017-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208159, encodeId=b7cb2081595b, content=干细胞主要还是研究,离临床还有距离, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Thu Jun 08 13:01:22 CST 2017, time=2017-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=208013, encodeId=acb0208013f1, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Jun 08 07:16:07 CST 2017, time=2017-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207945, encodeId=ca6b20e94525, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Jun 08 00:19:36 CST 2017, time=2017-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-08 baihao215

    干细胞主要还是研究,离临床还有距离

    0

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    2017-06-08 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-06-08 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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