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Nature:老年人血细胞安全筛查利器

2018-07-12 小通 生物通

老年人体内有一个很常见的现象:携带突变DNA的血细胞数量激增,导致遗传“嵌合(mosaicism)”,即携带变异基因组的细胞群,这种现象被称为克隆造血(clonal hematopoiesis),与血液癌症的风险大大增加有关。

老年人体内有一个很常见的现象:携带突变DNA的血细胞数量激增,导致遗传“嵌合(mosaicism)”,即携带变异基因组的细胞群,这种现象被称为克隆造血(clonal hematopoiesis),与血液癌症的风险大大增加有关。


图片来源:V. ALTOUNIAN/SCIENCE

然而,大多数携带克隆造血的人并不会继续发展为血细胞癌,我们对克隆造血的原因和影响还知之甚少。

布里格姆妇女医院、哈佛大学和Broad研究所共同开发了一项新技术,可以用于发现嵌合染色体改动类型的克隆造血,这种情况涉及导致大量染色体的突变。

研究团队比较了8342个嵌合染色体改动,并绘制了详细而完整的地图,这项大规模研究结果发表于本周《Nature》。

遗传科学研究所的Po-Ru Loh博士说:“我们的发现定义了嵌合与血癌风险之间的关联。这项工作属于临床转化的上游研究,但它提高了我们对克隆造血的生物学理解,并提出了推动未来工作的潜力方向。”

研究小组确定了一部分特异性推动血癌风险增加的嵌合事件,例如12号染色体重组使慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)风险增加100倍。

血癌是一种罕见疾病,尽管风险大幅提高,大多数嵌合患者不会继续发展为血癌,这给临床治疗方法研发带来了很大挑战。因此,目前需要开发干预措施来预防高危个体患上血癌。

该团队使用高度敏感的计算技术,可以检测到血液细胞中哪怕一小部分改变(小于1%),这些变异是克隆增殖早期阶段特征。该技术可应用于廉价且易于操作的基因分型阵列的数据处理,从而对非常大的样本量进行大数据分析。

研究人员已经将其用于UK Biobank中150000名参与者的样本分析。“如此大规模的数据集使我们找到了许多有趣的模式,”Loh说。“最大的惊讶来自克隆扩张的几个亚类实际上竟受到继承变异的强烈影响。也就是说,某些从父母传给孩子的DNA突变会极大地增加一个人一生之中获得克隆性扩张的可能性。”

原始出处:Po-Ru Loh, Giulio Genovese, Robert E. Handsaker, et al. Insights into clonal haematopoiesis from 8,342 mosaic chromosomal alterations. Nature (2018) 

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    2019-06-05 liye789132251
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    2018-07-17 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习学习

    0

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    2018-07-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

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    2018-07-13 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-13 txqjm

    谢谢了.学习

    0

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    2018-07-13 yjs木玉

    学习学习再学习

    0

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    2018-07-13 phoebeyan520

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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