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中山大学马骏教授团队发现治疗鼻咽癌新方法

2016-10-14 朱汉斌 周飞 科学网 www.sciencenet.c

中山大学马骏教授团队发现治疗鼻咽癌新方法

 

10月13日, 中山大学附属肿瘤医院召开科技成果新闻发布会。

中山大学附属肿瘤医院常务副院长马骏回答记者提问。

中山大学附属肿瘤医院院长助理、放疗科副主任孙颖介绍研究成果

科学网广州10月13日讯(记者朱汉斌 通讯员王丽霞 黄金娟 摄影报道)记者今天从中山大学附属肿瘤医院获悉,该院马骏教授团队牵头全国10个临床研究中心共同参与一项三药联合化疗方案(多西他赛+顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶,简称TPF)治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的大型前瞻性Ⅲ期临床试验,首次证实该方法有效。

相关研究近日在线发表于《柳叶刀肿瘤》。该杂志同期配发美国芝加哥大学Michael T Spiotto教授撰写的述评认为,该研究对于精细化鼻咽癌的治疗指南有重要意义,有望使诱导化疗成为头颈部鳞癌的标准治疗。

据世界卫生组织统计,全球40%的鼻咽癌发生在中国,其中以广东最多,因此鼻咽癌也被称为“广东瘤”。由于鼻咽癌发病部位隐蔽,初次到医院就诊的患者中70%以上已经伴有周围颅骨侵犯和颈部淋巴结转移,治疗效果差。如何提高这部分局部区域晚期患者的治疗效果,一直以来都是全世界学者的研究重点。

针对这个问题,早在2006年,马骏教授团队就发现国际指南推荐的同期放化疗后给予强化的3个疗程的辅助化疗(双药方案顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶,简称PF)不适于中国人,不能提高疗效反而增加了患者的痛苦和经济负担,相关研究于2012年发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤》。此篇研究成果一出,一举推翻了自1998年起写入国际权威治疗指南的采用同期放化疗序贯3程PF方案(顺铂+氟尿嘧啶)辅助化疗治疗局部区域晚期鼻咽癌的标准治疗方案。

“然而,该研究只是成功‘减毒’,却未能‘增效’。”中山大学附属肿瘤医院常务副院长马骏介绍说,我们通过仔细分析发现传统治疗策略未能“增效”的原因有两点,一个是放疗后,患者身体条件难以承受3个疗程的化疗;二是使用传统的双药,没有使用新药,有效率不高。对此,2010年马骏教授团队再次联合四川大学华西医院、佛山市第一人民医院等10个临床研究中心,开始探索一种新型诱导化疗方案的疗效。

“这种治疗方案在鼻咽癌最常用的PF双药基础上,加用新型的化疗药物——多西他赛(T),组成TPF方案。”据中山大学附属肿瘤医院院长助理、放疗科副主任孙颖介绍,研究自2011年3月至2013年8月共纳入了480名病理确诊为非角化型鼻咽癌的T3-4N1M0/TxN2-3M0患者(第7版UICC/AJCC分期),患者按1:1的比例随机分配到TPF诱导化疗联合同期放化疗组或同期放化疗组。

结果发现,TPF诱导化疗联合同期放化疗将3年无瘤生存率从72%提高到80%(p=0.034),3年总生存率从86%提高到92%(p=0.029),3年无远处转移生存率从83%提高到90%(p=0.031)。从不良反应上来看,TPF诱导化疗组的不良反应主要表现为3-4度中性粒细胞下降、白细胞下降、腹泻及口腔黏膜炎,但目前这些都有药物可以控制,并在医保目录内。

中山大学肿瘤防治中心副书记彭望清认为,该项成果最大的创新点在于:通过10个临床研究中心共同开展一项新研究,它不仅提升了生存期、有效降低了病友、政府、社会医疗成本,更有利于家庭、个人、医院、医生把有限的医疗资源,用于最有意义、更有价值的临床治疗中去。

据介绍,该研究是近10年来,在优化局部晚期鼻咽癌化疗方案的试验中,唯一的一个可同时降低远处转移率并提高患者总生存率的三期临床试验,极大地推动了局部区域晚期鼻咽癌放化综合治疗的进展。TPF诱导化疗序贯同期放化疗有望被国际指南采纳,成为局部区域晚期鼻咽癌的标准治疗方案。

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