Baidu
map

牙周炎增加非吸烟男性癌症风险?

2016-07-05 佚名 环球医学

牙周病是否会诱发癌症?2016年5月发表在《Ann Oncol》的一项在美国开展的研究考察了牙周病与癌症之间的相关性。背景:牙周病对免疫反应有直接影响,与一些慢性疾病有联系,包括动脉粥样硬化和卒中。鲜有研究考察牙周病与癌症之间的相关性。患者和方法:共19933名报告从未吸烟(香烟、烟斗或雪茄)的男性被纳入健康职业随访研究。基线和随访中自我报告牙周病状态和牙齿数量。随访26年中确定全部癌症。使用Co

牙周病是否会诱发癌症?2016年5月发表在《Ann Oncol》的一项在美国开展的研究考察了牙周病与癌症之间的相关性。


背景:牙周病对免疫反应有直接影响,与一些慢性疾病有联系,包括动脉粥样硬化和卒中。鲜有研究考察牙周病与癌症之间的相关性。


患者和方法:共19933名报告从未吸烟(香烟、烟斗或雪茄)的男性被纳入健康职业随访研究。基线和随访中自我报告牙周病状态和牙齿数量。随访26年中确定全部癌症。使用Cox比例风险模型评估风险比(HRs)和95%置信区间(95% CIs),校正风险因素。


结果:基线报告牙周炎的男性中,总体癌症增加13%;晚期牙周炎(所剩牙齿<17)男性中,风险增加45%。牙周炎与前列腺癌、结直肠癌或黑色素瘤不相关,它们是此非吸烟者队列中最常见的3种癌症,但吸烟相关癌症的风险增加33%(肺、膀胱、口咽、食管、肾、胃和肝癌;HR=1.33,95% CI 1.07~1.65)。


与无牙周炎和牙齿数量≥17的男性相比,晚期牙周炎男性吸烟相关癌症的HR为2.57(95% CI 1.56~4.21;P=0.0002)。晚期牙周炎与食管和头颈部癌症(HR=6.29,95% CI 2.13~18.6;基于晚期牙周炎的5个病例)以及膀胱癌(HR=5.06,95% CI 2.32~11.0;基于晚期牙周炎的9个病例)风险增加相关。


结论:从未吸烟者中,晚期牙周炎与吸烟相关癌症增加2.5倍相关。牙周炎可通过系统免疫调节异常影响癌症风险。需要进一步研究以考察晚期牙周炎对癌症的免疫影响,尤其是已知的吸烟引起的癌症。


版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144930, encodeId=29d2144930f7, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:39:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123866, encodeId=315f123866ca, content=赞了!深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 19:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450472, encodeId=4ca614504e252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0476e49582' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙周#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67495, encryptionId=f0476e49582, topicName=牙周)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab585558129, createdName=liuyong2982, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 07:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91986, encodeId=620591986fa, content=好文章,学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91987, encodeId=e3409198e01, content=收藏起来啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,受益

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144930, encodeId=29d2144930f7, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:39:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123866, encodeId=315f123866ca, content=赞了!深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 19:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450472, encodeId=4ca614504e252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0476e49582' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙周#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67495, encryptionId=f0476e49582, topicName=牙周)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab585558129, createdName=liuyong2982, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 07:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91986, encodeId=620591986fa, content=好文章,学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91987, encodeId=e3409198e01, content=收藏起来啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-12 ylzr123

    赞了!深入学习。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144930, encodeId=29d2144930f7, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:39:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123866, encodeId=315f123866ca, content=赞了!深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 19:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450472, encodeId=4ca614504e252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0476e49582' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙周#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67495, encryptionId=f0476e49582, topicName=牙周)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab585558129, createdName=liuyong2982, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 07:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91986, encodeId=620591986fa, content=好文章,学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91987, encodeId=e3409198e01, content=收藏起来啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144930, encodeId=29d2144930f7, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:39:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123866, encodeId=315f123866ca, content=赞了!深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 19:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450472, encodeId=4ca614504e252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0476e49582' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙周#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67495, encryptionId=f0476e49582, topicName=牙周)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab585558129, createdName=liuyong2982, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 07:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91986, encodeId=620591986fa, content=好文章,学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91987, encodeId=e3409198e01, content=收藏起来啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-05 jaysppr

    好文章,学习学习!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144930, encodeId=29d2144930f7, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:39:20 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123866, encodeId=315f123866ca, content=赞了!深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 19:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450472, encodeId=4ca614504e252, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0476e49582' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙周#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67495, encryptionId=f0476e49582, topicName=牙周)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab585558129, createdName=liuyong2982, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 07:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91986, encodeId=620591986fa, content=好文章,学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91987, encodeId=e3409198e01, content=收藏起来啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Tue Jul 05 16:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-05 jaysppr

    收藏起来啦

    0

相关资讯

J Clin Periodontol:牙周炎对急性冠状动脉综合征患者全身性炎症的影响

目前,急性冠状动脉综合征与牙周炎之间的因果关系尚未确定。本研究旨在评估伴有或不伴有急性冠状动脉综合征或同时伴有牙周炎的患者血清细胞因子水平的差异。

J Periodontol:长知识!过敏性鼻炎可增加牙周炎的发病风险

J Periodontol:长知识!过敏性鼻炎可增加牙周炎的发病风险关于鼻部疾病与牙周炎之间的关联鲜为人知。本研究旨在探究牙周炎与既往过敏性鼻炎(AR)之间的关联。采用病例对照研究设计,研究数据来源于台湾的纵向健康保险数据库2000,匹配了研究数据。研究共纳入了71182名慢性牙周炎患者作为病例组,和71182名非牙周炎人群作为对照组。使用广义线性混合模型分析来计算病例组和对照组既往AR的比值比和

Eur J Epidemiol:荟萃分析表明缺血性脑卒中与牙周炎相关

一些观察性研究已经表明牙周炎与脑缺血之间存在关联。本次荟萃分析旨在调查二者之间是否存在关联以及关联的强度。检索2016年3月2015日前发表在MEDLINE, EMBASE, Proceedings Web of Science以及Current Contents Connect上的研究,由两名评价者独立完成检索。纳入探究牙周炎和缺血性脑卒中的病例对照,横断面或队列研究。对纳入的研究进行质量评估。

J Clin Periodontol:肥胖可加重女性牙周炎的严重程度

本研究旨在评估超重和肥胖对巴西南部城市人群的牙周附着丧失的影响。 2001年一项题为“牙周病流行病学:阿雷格里港的研究”的基于人群的口腔健康调查随机抽样了1586人进行研究。5年后,对其中的755人重新进行审查研究。本研究中,排除了自我报告的糖尿病患者,体重过轻的人以及牙齿数目少于6颗的人。使用泊松回归模型来计算相对风险(RR)和95%可信区间(CI),调整了性别、年龄、肤色、教育、社会经济

J Clin Periodontol:饮酒可增加牙周炎的发病风险

J Clin Periodontol:饮酒可增加牙周炎的发病风险——meta分析本研究旨在通过荟萃分析对既往观察性研究探究的酒精的消耗与牙周炎危险性之间的关系进行定量分析。对PubMed, Web of Science以及Embase 数据库进行全面的文献检索,挑选符合条件的英文文献。使用随机效应模型计算汇总相对危险度(RR)和95%可信区间(CIs)。使用限制三次样条曲线来评估酒精和牙周炎发生之

Korean J Intern Med:类风湿性关节炎患者中重度牙周炎的发病率较高

本次横断面研究旨在探究牙周炎的严重程度和类风湿性关节炎的临床表现之间的关联。 研究共纳入了264名类风湿性关节炎患者和88名匹配了年龄和性别对照人群,对所有研究对象进行牙科检查。此外,还要评估类风湿性关节炎患者的临床表现,包括疾病活动性和抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体。

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map