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奥密克戎也内卷,BA.2变体迅速取代BA.1变体,BA.2到底是什么玩意儿?

2022-01-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

新冠病毒奥密克戎已经占领全世界,Delta快速消退。

新冠病毒奥密克戎已经占领全世界,Delta快速消退。

然而,奥密克戎也开始内卷了!奥密克戎本身也从BA.1迅速向BA.2变化。

BA.2与BA.1相比,其突变更多,但是,BA.2将如何,还不清楚。

根据各国上传到GISAID平台的新冠病毒基因组数据,12月中旬前,BA.2变体还非常罕见,但此后数量迅速上升。在丹麦,从12月30日至1月2日,BA.2变体占该国上传新冠病毒样本总数的比例从14.1%增长到30%,而BA.1变体占比则从76.6%下降到65.1%

看看丹麦,日增超过2万例,而且中间有两次快速下降,然后又上升的过程。这是否是BA.1向BA.2转化的点?

在印度,由于印度出现奥密克戎较迟,因此,BA.2占比相对更高,从12月30日到1月5日,BA.2占比从12.1%上升到46.38%,BA.1变体占比则从58%下降到37.68%。

此外,英国、菲律宾、加拿大、德国等全球数十个国家均已发现BA.2变体的存在。

根据我国广东省疾病控制预防中心研究人员1月3日发表在《中国疾控周刊》上的相关文章,全球最早的BA.2变体样本于2021年11月27日在南非发现,12月28日,广东省疾控中心发现一名境外输入病例感染了BA.2变体,基因测序分析认为,该变体有67个核苷酸变异位点,在蛋白质水平上有49个氨基酸突变位点和9个氨基酸缺失。而BA.1变体蛋白质水平上共有约50处变异,相对BA.2变体略少。

奥密克戎家族

奥密克戎,也称为B.1.1.529,有三个变体,分别是BA.1, BA.2, BA.3,拥有共同的祖先。它们有什么区别呢?

B.1.1.529簇,包括BA.1和BA.2,共有85个突变,其中40个突变仅在刺突蛋白中。 虽然已经在 BA.1 的刺突蛋白中发现了 12 个突变,但 BA.2 亚谱系在刺突蛋白中具有 7 个独特的突变。 BA.1 和 BA.2 共有 21 个刺突蛋白突变。另外,BA.1和BA.3上的刺突蛋白(S蛋白)有69-70删除突变,但是BA.2没有这个突变。

Omicron has three subgenera: BA 1, BA 2, and BA.3. The variant BA.2 can increase its infectiousness.

是的,最近发现的新亚谱系无法通过 RT-PCR 测试中使用的引物进行识别。虽然 BA.1 亚谱系带有特征性的 S 基因丢失突变,但 BA.2 没有这种突变。

目前在 RT-PCR 测试中使用的引物携带靶向三个基因的序列,其中一个是 S 基因。由于 BA.1 亚谱系携带 S 基因缺失突变,因此当 BA.1 样本通过 RT-PCR 测试时,引物中的三个靶标中只有两个会变为阳性。由于存在 S 基因缺失突变,引物中的 S 基因检测不呈阳性。对两个基因呈阳性但对 S 基因不呈阳性的测试是了解测试样品是 Omicron 变体的亚谱系 BA.1 的便捷方式。因此,有时也称BA.2为隐形毒株,即有一些核酸检测时,检测不出这个病毒。

简而言之,S 基因丢失是识别 BA.1 亚谱系的代表。 由于 BA.2 不携带 S 基因丢失突变,因此 RT-PCR 引物中的所有三个目标序列都将检测为阳性。因此,不可能直接知道测试的样本是否是 Omicron 变体的子谱系。只有通过基因组测序才能确定样本是否属于 BA.2 亚谱系。

BA.2的刺突蛋白中的另外七个突变,代表毒性增加吗?并不能!目前还没有足够的证据来证明免疫逃逸和传播能力的增加。 即使单独地,这七种突变也没有与显着的免疫逃逸或增强的传播有关。 到目前为止,这七种突变的综合影响也不为人所知。

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    2022-01-18 病毒猎手

    梅斯首次详细报道,厉害

    0

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    2022-01-18 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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    2022-01-18 D-House

    学习了

    0

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    2022-01-18 ms8000000025759398

    学习了

    0

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    2022-01-18 yangchou

    好文章,受教了。

    0

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2022年1月15日简报:全国多地出现奥密克戎疫情;张文宏全新发文认为是最艰难时刻;打喷嚏,流鼻涕是奥密克戎的主要症状,对未接种疫苗者比较危险

截至北京时间2022年1月15日7时01分,Worldometers世界实时统计数据显示,全球累计确诊新冠肺炎(COVID-19)病例超过3亿2386万例,新增3,057,473例,达到323,867

2022年1月16日简报:英国奥密克戎疫情快速回落,疫情上升与下降分别需要1个月时间;国内6省市报告奥密克戎;

截至北京时间2022年1月16日7时01分,Worldometers世界实时统计数据显示,全球累计确诊新冠肺炎(COVID-19)病例超过3亿2648万例,新增2,302,478例,达到326,485

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