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郎平呼吁关注糖尿病心血管并发症,糖尿病管理需“五驾马车”

2017-06-08 屠俊 澎湃新闻

数据显示,中国糖尿病患者已经跃居世界首位,患病率已达11.6%,更为可怕的是,50.1%的中国人正处于糖尿病前期。需要重视的是,中国Ⅱ型糖尿病患病人群中80%合并心血管危险因素,血糖达标率低,血糖/血脂/血压综合达标率更低,且还未得到重视,治疗率只占25.8%。中国女排总教练郎平的父亲也是一位糖尿病患者,像很多患者一样,血糖高、血压高、体重也高,是名副其实的“三高”。而在父亲患病和治疗过程中,无论

数据显示,中国糖尿病患者已经跃居世界首位,患病率已达11.6%,更为可怕的是,50.1%的中国人正处于糖尿病前期。

需要重视的是,中国Ⅱ型糖尿病患病人群中80%合并心血管危险因素,血糖达标率低,血糖/血脂/血压综合达标率更低,且还未得到重视,治疗率只占25.8%。

中国女排总教练郎平的父亲也是一位糖尿病患者,像很多患者一样,血糖高、血压高、体重也高,是名副其实的“三高”。而在父亲患病和治疗过程中,无论是患者还是家人都未意识到心血管并发症离他有多近,也没有对血压、体重等心血管危险因素进行控制,最终,郎平父亲因为心血管并发症不幸离世。

“周围的队友也是,有些队友患有糖尿病,拉开裤腿给我看,腿都已经变黑了,早先我像很多人一样不了解糖尿病知识,更不知道,糖尿病除了控制血糖外,还需要对血压、血脂、体重等进行综合管理,减少心血管并发症的发生。”近日,作为公益大使,郎平在糖尿病公益项目沟通会上呼吁大众重视糖尿病心血管并发症风险。

综合达标率堪忧

北京协和医院内分泌科主任邢小平教授指出,在中国,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者整体血糖达标率不容乐观,仅有不到1/3的患者血糖控制达标,除此之外,有近60%的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者体重超重或者肥胖。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随着血糖、血压、血脂、体重等控制不佳,糖尿病并发症的发生风险、发展速度及其危害等也显着增加。

数据显示,全球约50%Ⅱ型糖尿病患者死于心血管疾病,然而,我国Ⅱ型糖尿病患者多重风险因素控制现状堪忧:72%糖尿病患者合并高血压或血脂紊乱,但血糖、血脂和血压都达标的比例仅为5.6%。

近年,糖尿病有年轻化的趋势,数据显示,年轻糖尿病患者心脏病风险比正常人高14倍,比老年糖尿病患者高3.5倍。40岁以前患糖尿病的患者,其中20%预期寿命低于60岁。

糖尿病管理“五驾马车”

糖尿病最可怕的是并发症,糖尿病初期症状不明显,很多患者在高血糖对器官损害多年之后,出现了并发症才被诊断。糖尿病患者若能严格控制血糖,可以健康度过一生,反之,则会产生非常严重的并发症。那么糖尿病仅仅降糖就可以了吗?如今,糖尿病治疗也面临治疗模式和治疗理念的转变。

北京医院内分泌科主任郭立新教授提醒糖尿病患者进行糖尿病的综合管理,五驾马车多维度全面干预病程,包括:自我监测、运动疗法、饮食治疗、药物治疗和宣传教育。

在如何养成良好的生活方式方面,郭立新教授指出,饮食方面应该注意少食多餐、多吃高纤维食物、清淡饮食、戒烟少酒。少吃动物性油脂(猪油、肥肉、鸡皮)、氢化植物油(奶油、奶精)及甜食;奶类每日1-2杯,建议饮用低脂奶或脱脂奶;蛋豆鱼肉类每日2-3两(建议选择鱼、鸡肉及豆制品);每日三碟以上各类蔬菜;每日水果2个,所有水果均可选择(1个水果约棒球大小);建议选择全谷类食物,每日约2-3碗。

运动方面,郭立新教授指出,每周运动3-4次为宜,每周不少于150分钟有氧运动,每次运动不少于30分钟,运动强度可按照以下公式:运动心率=170-年龄(如60岁,参加有氧运动时,心率宜控制在170-60=110次/每分钟)。对于老年人建议的运动方式有:快走和骑自行车。

除了运动方式外,郭立新教授指出,教育和监测是良好代谢控制和提高患者生活质量的基础,相关监测项目包括:体重/身高,BMI,血压,空腹/餐后血糖,尿常规,胆固醇/高/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯等等,根据不同患者的情况,以医生建议为准。

郭立新教授提醒糖尿病患者:“心血管事件的发生已成为糖尿病患者的最大威胁,糖尿病患者不能仅仅关注降糖,同时还要注重血压、体重等多种心血管危险因素的管理和控制,这对于降低患者心血管风险非常重要。但令人担忧的是很多糖尿病患者及家属对此知之甚少。

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    2018-04-03 丁鹏鹏
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