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PNAS:神经元网络对于长期记忆的重要性

2018-01-10 佚名 中国生物技术网

大脑如何长期存储记忆一直是神经科学家的一个永恒的谜团。在一项新研究中,来自挪威奥斯陆大学整合神经可塑性研究中心(CINPLA)的研究人员发现,神经元网络中长期细胞外基质分子对于长期记忆是必不可少的。发表在美国《 国家科学院院刊》上的新研究表明,移除这些网络会扰乱很久以前的记忆,但是不会影响近期记忆。

大脑如何长期存储记忆一直是神经科学家的一个永恒的谜团。在一项新研究中,来自挪威奥斯陆大学整合神经可塑性研究中心(CINPLA)的研究人员发现,神经元网络中长期细胞外基质分子对于长期记忆是必不可少的。发表在美国《 国家科学院院刊》上的新研究表明,移除这些网络会扰乱很久以前的记忆,但是不会影响近期记忆。

过去,研究人员主要关注神经细胞内的分子。这个由Marianne Fyhn和Torkel Hafting博士领导的研究团队对紧贴神经元外部的神经网络进行了研究。这些网络由被糖覆盖的蛋白组成,形成了一个坚硬的结构,其上包含与其他神经元连接的孔。

当新的记忆形成时,神经元之间的连接会发生变化。研究人员推测,神经元网络可能会稳定新的记忆相关的连接,以支持长期记忆。为了测试记忆功能,研究团队进行了一个经典的条件实验,让小鼠学习将闪光和不愉快的经历联系到一起。这种学习可以形成稳固的长期记忆。

一个令人惊讶的强烈效果

完成学习之后,小鼠被分为两个组,一个组的神经元网络保持完整,另一组的大脑次级视觉皮层的周围神经元网络被移除,次级视觉皮层与记忆存储有关。一个月之后,这些小鼠被要求记起这些记忆,结果令人惊讶,没有周围神经元网络的小鼠什么都不记得了。该实验表明,神经元网络对于长期记忆是必要的,因为没有它的话,记忆就丢失了。

研究人员Elise H. Thompson说:“这些实验的结果令我们非常惊讶,因为我们只对神经元外的分子进行了操作,而没有影响神经元内部的分子。”

Thompson补充说:“虽然我们期待这种干涉能够产生某些影响,但是过去关于这种网络的研究都在关注它在发育和学习中的影响,而非记忆存储。令人非常惊讶的是,小鼠的记忆竟然完全消失了。”

在接下来的实验中,研究人员在小鼠完成学习几天之后就对它们进行了记忆测试,该团队发现,小鼠的记忆没有受损,而且只有很久以前的记忆会消失。该研究的第一作者Kristian K. Lensj?博士说:“因为该网络是一种非常稳定的结构,所以它能够随着年龄的增长稳定记忆,但是如果记忆是新的,它就不会受到其他稳定因素的影响。”

新型药物靶点的潜力

虽然近年来科学家们已经非常清楚短期记忆转化为长期记忆的过程,但是记忆如何持续数年的原因仍未找到答案。该研究对于理解将记忆存储一辈子需要哪些因素来说是非常重要的一步。

CINPLA的负责人Marianne Fyhn说:“如果我们能够理解健康大脑中记忆在数月甚至数年中如何被处理,我们就可以进一步探究阿尔兹海默症和痴呆症等疾病发生时是哪里出现了错误。这项研究发现了细胞外分子参与到记忆长期存储过程中,从而指明了具有潜力的新药物靶点。”

原始出处:

Thompson EH,et al.,Removal of perineuronal nets disrupts recall of a remote fear memory.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Dec 26. pii: 201713530.

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    2018-10-10 mgqwxj
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    2018-02-23 drwjr
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    2018-01-10 虈亣靌

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-01-10 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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    2018-01-10 沙漠浪人

    神经元网络中长期细胞外基质分子对于长期记忆是必不可少的

    0

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