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人造蛋白质视网膜问世,有望为盲人带来光明

2017-05-10 环球科学 环球科学

研究者制成了生物质材料的人工视网膜,可感光并向神经元传递信号。目前,24岁的凡妮莎·雷斯特雷波-施尔德(Vanessa Restrepo-Schild)还在牛津大学化学学院学习,而这位年轻的学者率领的团队已经首次人工合成了一种新的生物质视网膜。与以往“人造视网膜”不同的是,本次采用的并非传统刚性材料,而是在实验室条件下培养的合成生物组织。这项发现有望在未来给器官移植业带来巨大变革,促进新型

研究者制成了生物质材料的人工视网膜,可感光并向神经元传递信号。



目前,24岁的凡妮莎·雷斯特雷波-施尔德(Vanessa Restrepo-Schild)还在牛津大学化学学院学习,而这位年轻的学者率领的团队已经首次人工合成了一种新的生物质视网膜。

与以往“人造视网膜”不同的是,本次采用的并非传统刚性材料,而是在实验室条件下培养的合成生物组织。

这项发现有望在未来给器官移植业带来巨大变革,促进新型低侵入性人造器官类似物的开发,帮助治疗眼部器质性病变,为视力障碍人士带来福音。

视网膜在获得视力的过程中所起到的作用类似摄影中摄像头像素的感光过程。视网膜位于人眼后部,包含具有把光信号转换成能通过神经系统传导的电信号功能的蛋白细胞。电信号传导后会触发大脑的应答机制,最终在大脑中形成所见场景的视觉图片。

凡妮莎·雷斯特雷波-施尔德带领的团队开发了一种仿天然视网膜工作过程的双层合成视网膜。该人工合成的视网膜由柔软的水滴(即水凝胶)和生物细胞膜蛋白组成。整体设计类似摄像头,细胞作为像素点,检测光线并做出反应,最终得以创建一个基于灰度的图像。



合成视网膜组成结构示意图

上图即为合成视网膜组成结构示意图,具体来讲,它是一种“轻度活化的液滴状水凝胶双层生物像素感光点。”如果放置在油性溶液中,紫色液滴将与(蓝色)水凝胶立方体形成双层膜结构。

这位土生土长的哥伦比亚人同时表示:“这种合成材料可以产生电信号,它能像原始视网膜一样刺激我们眼睛后面的神经元。”

本项研究成果首次发表于《科学报道》(Scientific Reports)一刊,与现有的视网膜植入物不同的是,该细胞培养产物所采用的材料全天然,生物可降解,不含外源异物或其他活体成分。也正因如此,这种植入物比机械设备的侵入性更小,身体也不太可能对其产生不良反应

雷斯特雷波-施尔德称,“人眼非常敏感,这也是为何类似金属视网膜植入物一类的异物会具有很强的破坏性,导致炎症和/或者排斥。但是生物合成的植入物柔软,结构基于水组成,对眼睛具有更好的亲和性。”

尽管这一合成视网膜仍处于在实验室条件下被测试的阶段,雷斯特雷波-施尔德小姐已经热衷于继续将这项研究开展下去,并探索在生物组织上的潜在应用。她已为此项技术申请专利,下一阶段,牛津团队将拓展这一视网膜的功能,例如致力于色彩的识别。通过采用更大规模的视网膜结构,团队将测试该材料识别不同颜色,甚至潜在的识别形状和符号的能力。

此项研究之后将有望推进到动物实验,甚至人体临床试验阶段。(生物谷 Bioon.com)

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717454, encodeId=fef11e17454f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=29ffe24064c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#盲人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72406, encryptionId=29ffe24064c, topicName=盲人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bf2532414379, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 05:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082062, encodeId=055b2082062e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf10252092e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造蛋白#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25209, encryptionId=cf10252092e, topicName=人造蛋白)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6262500044, createdName=1249862am72(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed May 17 18:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708094, encodeId=f0101e08094d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e00b251e5dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25175, encryptionId=e00b251e5dc, topicName=人造)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa31545372, createdName=zjshifan_98647316, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 22:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765623, encodeId=0aa31e656235a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu May 18 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269872, encodeId=9c0f12698e232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Fri May 12 00:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1296962, encodeId=a7e112969626c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Fri May 12 00:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-12 zutt
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1717454, encodeId=fef11e17454f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=29ffe24064c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#盲人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72406, encryptionId=29ffe24064c, topicName=盲人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bf2532414379, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 05:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082062, encodeId=055b2082062e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf10252092e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造蛋白#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25209, encryptionId=cf10252092e, topicName=人造蛋白)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6262500044, createdName=1249862am72(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed May 17 18:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1708094, encodeId=f0101e08094d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e00b251e5dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人造#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25175, encryptionId=e00b251e5dc, topicName=人造)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa31545372, createdName=zjshifan_98647316, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 22:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765623, encodeId=0aa31e656235a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu May 18 21:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269872, encodeId=9c0f12698e232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Fri May 12 00:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1296962, encodeId=a7e112969626c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Fri May 12 00:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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