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Virulence:谁应该为侵袭性牙周炎负责?细菌还是宿主?

2015-03-10 MedSci MedSci原创

Virulence:谁应该为侵袭性牙周炎负责?细菌还是宿主?关键词:牙周炎 遗传  侵袭性  细菌  发病机制1999年,美国牙周学会(AAP)介绍了“侵袭性牙周炎(AgP)”这一备受争议的术语来定义以快速进展为特点的牙周破坏性疾病。定义这种牙周疾病的目的是为了将早发性牙周炎、青少年牙周炎以及快速进展性牙周炎合并,使用医学界并不常见的词——“侵袭性”。将重点放在了进展





1999年,美国牙周学会(AAP)介绍了“侵袭性牙周炎(AgP)”这一备受争议的术语来定义以快速进展为特点的牙周破坏性疾病。定义这种牙周疾病的目的是为了将早发性牙周炎、青少年牙周炎以及快速进展性牙周炎合并,使用医学界并不常见的词——“侵袭性”。将重点放在了进展速度(而不是发病年龄)以及治疗难度上。与病情进展快一样,全身健康以及家族聚集性也是其主要特征。其他次要的特征,介绍了一种致病菌,在理论上有助于与更常见的慢性牙周炎(CP)鉴别诊断。

目前认为“放线杆菌(现在称伴放线放线杆菌)比例升高,某些病例是牙龈卟啉单胞菌比例升高”是典型的AgP表现。这反映了过去几十年在识别微生物可导致年轻人或健康人发生侵袭性牙周炎所做的巨大努力。识别致病菌有助于AgP的诊断和治疗。另一方面,认为宿主免疫反应是侵袭性牙周炎发病的又一基本病因。侵袭性牙周炎又可分为局限性侵袭性牙周炎(LAgP)—通常只影响切牙和第一磨牙,和广泛性牙周炎(GAgP),命名不一定来源于前者,可能表达是不同的制病过程。

虽然与CP相比,AgP的发病人群较小,但是年轻时牙周炎进展速度快以及牙齿缺失的危险性高使得AgP变成非常特殊的疾病。接下来我们将查找证据,以证明或否定AgP与CP的致病菌完全不同这一认识,并帮助确定微生物或者宿主反应因素是否应为AgP早发性和进展性负责。

AgP患者处于免疫应激状态,特别易感某些致病微生物。这种背景下,与微生物协同失调假说一致,潜在关键牙周致病菌能够导致组织稳态失衡和龈下菌斑生物膜的改变,这些可能导致了AgP的发生。例如,高炎性基因型(如IL-1或IL-6产生过多)可能会使得龈下菌斑环境更利于致病菌(如伴放线放线杆菌)在炎症区域的生长。这仍然是一个理论,但已被IL-6基因型和伴放线放线杆菌以及牙周治疗之后细菌再定植之间的关联证实。

某些龈下细菌和菌株,如伴放线放线杆菌JP2菌株的存在或致病性可能会随年龄而改变,但是主要受遗传因素控制,正如通过特定民族的这种基因型的流行病学调查研究证实的一样,而与地理位置无关。很多有力证据表明JP2与AgP的发生发展相关。这种相关甚至比先前报道的牙龈卟啉单胞菌和伴放线放线杆菌与慢性牙周炎之间的关系要强。然而还需进一步研究JP2是否可以像经典的外源性细菌那样发挥作用或者它是否参与了破坏性过程。因此,宿主的遗传变异可能是造成破坏的原因,并与导致AgP早发和快速进展的关键致病菌及环境协同合作。然而,必须要牢记的是,AgP可能包括了一系列的致病菌但是临床上尚无法区分AgP来源于细菌还是宿主。

原始出处:


NibaliL.AggressivePeriodontitis: microbes and host response, who to blame?Virulence.2015 Feb 5:0.


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    2016-09-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,还会关注

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    2015-03-12 sunyl07
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    2015-03-12 wincls
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摘要阿尔茨海默氏病是痴呆症最显著的原因和最常见的类型。该病的临床特征是认知功能的进行性退化,首先表现为记忆力减退。其确切的病因及病理生理机制尚未完全清楚。但是目前的推测是,神经炎症在阿尔茨海默氏病发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。阿尔茨海默氏病的特点是有明显的炎症特征,表现为受累的部位小胶质细胞的激活以及促炎症因子水平的升高。研究表明,系统性感染可能会使中枢神经系统处于炎症状态。牙周炎是常见的口腔感染

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J Clin Periodontol:牙周炎的初级预防:控制牙龈炎摘要牙周炎在人群中患病率很高,而且已破坏的组织无法修复,对公众卫生造成了很大的负担。超过11%的成年人患有中毒牙周炎,是引起成人牙齿丧失的首要原因,严重影响了患者发音、营养的摄入、生活的质量以及患者的自尊心,并可以引发全身的炎症反应。牙周炎是可以治疗的,治疗的主要目的是为了降低牙齿丧失率和提高生活质量。然而,成功的治疗需要患者改变不

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J Periodont Res:胡椒碱可抑制炎症、牙槽骨丧失和胶原纤维分解牙周炎是一种慢性炎症性疾病,以牙周组织破坏为特点,最终会导致牙槽骨丧失和牙齿脱落。炎症过程中,会有多种炎症因子、水解酶和氧自由基释放,促使组织破坏、牙槽骨吸收,炎症因子包括白细胞介素(IL)-1b,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)。一般来说,牙周炎造成的牙槽骨丧失是难以避免的。因此,炎症反应中的某些调节

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J Clin Periodontol:牙周疾病的预防原则关键词:牙周疾病 牙龈炎 牙周炎 预防 口腔卫生 刮治 戒烟 风险评估 行为改变摘要目的  尽管在牙周疾病的预防上取得的成就很明显,但是牙周炎仍然是人类最常见的疾病之一。本研讨会的目的是系统回顾关键性的科学证据并提出发展的建议:i)患者自身菌斑控制和全部人员的口腔卫生水平,ii)危险因素的控制,iii)提供专业的预防干预措施。方法&

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