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Nature:第一个关于受体介导大脑功能的**见解

2017-07-26 文姜 生物探索

美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心的研究人员捕获了第一个AMPA亚型谷氨酸受体的三维立体图像。这种受体调节大脑中大部分的电信号,参与一些重要的大脑活动,包括记忆和学习。这些发现于7月24日在线发表在Nature上。

美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心的研究人员捕获了第一个AMPA亚型谷氨酸受体的三维立体图像。这种受体调节大脑中大部分的电信号,参与一些重要的大脑活动,包括记忆和学习。这些发现于7月24日在线发表在Nature上。

1谷氨酸受体的重要作用

文章的通讯作者Alexander Sobolevsky博士说:“运用我们的新发现,我们现在可以并且是第一次将神经递质谷氨酸如何打开谷氨酸受体离子通道的过程可视化。这是直接影响学习和记忆的基本过程。从90年代起,寻找它结构的决定因素一直是分子神经科学的主要目标。”

大脑中的大多数信号都是由谷氨酸激活的。谷氨酸是一种神经递质,激活叫做谷氨酸受体的神经元表面蛋白质。谷氨酸受体是多种高级认知功能的基础,包括学习和记忆。AMPA受体属于谷氨酸受体,它们在不到一毫秒的时间内迅速打开和关闭,并参与大脑中的快速过程,如生物体对周围环境的快速感知和反应。

2该研究捕获的是活跃状态的AMPA受体

此前,Sobolevsky的实验室破译了单独的AMPA受体的结构,和与其它调节突触连接的速度和强度的蛋白形成的复合物。在目前的研究中,研究人员捕捉到了正在起作用的,当谷氨酸激活受体使离子通过它的通道,并在大脑中启动信号的AMPA受体。这提供了第一个关于受体介导大脑功能的精确见解。

Sobolevksy的团队使用冷冻电子显微镜技术来研究受体,捕获分子的二维数组并把它们组合成一个三维结构图像。为了冷冻在活跃状态的AMPA受体,研究人员们将它与会打开通道的调节蛋白Stargazin相结合。他们捕获的图像显示,当信号分子如谷氨酸存在时,AMPA受体的入口由四个单元组成,像照相机的光圈一样打开,并显示它的孔隙。为了让离子通过,受体扩大了通道的直径,一个专门的通道空隙内衬把离子引进入细胞。

3AMPA受体结构的阐明对治疗多种神经疾病有重要意义

第一作者博士生Edward C.Twomey说“这些新的重大发现为我们认识大脑主要的神经递质——谷氨酸的产生影响。了解这些过程将影响未来在神经退行性疾病和药物设计中谷氨酸受体信号转导的研究。”

谷氨酸受体或它们调节过程的缺陷,涉及神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、Huntington病、多发性硬化症和青光眼;精神疾病如焦虑、抑郁、精神分裂症、药物使用障碍;以及急性疾病如脑外伤和脑卒中。获得有活性的AMPA受体新结构和对激活机制的理解为开发治疗神经系统疾病与谷氨酸受体功能障碍相关的治疗创造了一个坚实的平台。

原始出处:
Twomey EC, Yelshanskaya MV, Grassucci RA,et al.Channel opening and gating mechanism in AMPA-subtype glutamate receptors.Nature. 2017 Jul 24. doi: 10.1038/nature23479. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2018-01-27 liye789132251
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    2017-08-01 虈亣靌

    很不错学习了多谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-27 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好好好好

    0

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    2017-07-26 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

    0

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    2017-07-26 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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