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Cell:特殊基因开关或帮助开发治疗自身免疫疾病的新型疗法

2016-06-05 佚名 生物谷

图片摘自:paleoplan.com -个体机体的基因组成往往在自身免疫疾的发生过程中扮演重要角色,比如多发性硬化症等,但如今研究者们并不清楚为何自身的免疫细胞会进行自我攻击?近日刊登于国际著名杂志Cell上的一篇研究报告中,来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员就通过研究鉴别出了自身免疫疾病的潜在治疗靶点,他们发现了一种主要的基因开关或可开启/关闭机体特殊类型免疫细胞的活性。 研究者发现,这种

图片摘自:paleoplan.com

-个体机体的基因组成往往在自身免疫疾的发生过程中扮演重要角色,比如多发性硬化症等,但如今研究者们并不清楚为何自身的免疫细胞会进行自我攻击?近日刊登于国际著名杂志Cell上的一篇研究报告中,来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员就通过研究鉴别出了自身免疫疾病的潜在治疗靶点,他们发现了一种主要的基因开关或可开启/关闭机体特殊类型免疫细胞的活性。

研究者发现,这种组成主要基因开关的DNA区域包括了和一系列自身免疫疾病发生相关联的多个遗传突变。Eugene Oltz博士说道,这些DNA区域扮演着调节机体免疫细胞活性的主要调节子的角色,在有些癌症患者机体中,个体DNA的单一突变或许就可以调节这些开关的设置,从而导致免疫细胞过度激活,进而引发自身免疫疾病的发生。

文章中研究者想通过研究来揭示两种不同类型的免疫细胞如何在抵御相同病原体中扮演着相同的角色;当病原体入侵机体时,先天性的淋巴细胞就会快速反应,对感染发生位点细胞释放的非特异性危险信号产生反应,相比较而言,辅助T细胞则会花费几天时间来产生反应,而且当这些细胞仅会对其所识别的病原体产生反应。尽管这两类免疫细胞在不同时间被不同的信号所激活,但其二者都可以作为控制机体免疫反应的“控制台”来帮助机体抵御外来入侵者。

利用对来自人类扁桃体的细胞进行研究,研究者对比了先天性淋巴细胞和辅助T细胞的基因活性模式,随后研究人员发现了一类可以作为上述两类细胞的主要控制开关的超级增强子(DNA区域结构),从而帮助调节细胞中的基因活性。Oltz表示,这项研究中我们首次绘制出了先天性淋巴细胞和辅助T细胞中超级增强子的图谱,通过对这些超级增强子进行分析研究我们就能够鉴别出一系列对于清除病原体非常关键的基因。

此外研究人员还发现,这些超级增强子中包含有和自身免疫疾病相关的许多遗传突变,这或许就为后期开发治疗自身免疫疾病的个体化疗法提供了新的思路和希望,如今研究者鉴别出了特殊基因开关所处的位置,后期他们还将继续深入研究来寻找和自身免疫疾病发病相关的遗传突变。

原始出处

Olivia I. Koues2,3, Patrick L. Collins2, Marina Cella2, Michelle L. Robinette2, Sofia I. Porter, Sarah C. Pyfrom, Jacqueline E. Payton, Marco Colonna, Eugene M. Oltz.Distinct Gene Regulatory Pathways for Human Innate versus Adaptive Lymphoid Cells.Cell.2016

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    2016-09-18 维他命
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