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Brit J Haematol:滤泡性淋巴瘤临床试验评效标准是否可取消骨髓活检?

2017-08-09 李皓静 肿瘤资讯

虽然骨髓活检对再生障碍性贫血等疾病的诊断,及判断一些淋巴瘤有无骨髓浸润至关重要。但对于滤泡性淋巴瘤患者而言,评效时是否需要骨髓活检一直存在争议,且PET-CT时代的来临让这种争议愈演愈烈。有创操作为患者带来的经济负担和痛苦不可忽视,并且有部分患者因拒绝骨髓活检而与临床试验失之交臂。临床医生该如何面对这块“鸡肋”?取消骨髓活检是否可行?

虽然骨髓活检对再生障碍性贫血等疾病的诊断,及判断一些淋巴瘤有无骨髓浸润至关重要。但对于滤泡性淋巴瘤患者而言,评效时是否需要骨髓活检一直存在争议,且PET-CT时代的来临让这种争议愈演愈烈。有创操作为患者带来的经济负担和痛苦不可忽视,并且有部分患者因拒绝骨髓活检而与临床试验失之交臂。临床医生该如何面对这块“鸡肋”?取消骨髓活检是否可行?本文带您一探究竟。

目前一些滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)的临床试验要求入组患者在基线及后续治疗中进行骨髓活检(BMB)以监测治疗反应,这样做真的有必要吗?

Sarah Rutherford博士说:“医务人员始终要以患者为中心。我们发现骨髓活检令患者感到痛苦、焦虑,且活检手术需要时间,增加医疗成本。更重要的是,骨髓活检目前是患者入组临床试验的障碍之一。” 他对32个临床研究中的99位FL患者的临床数据进行了回顾性分析,结果显示:既往临床实验中的强制骨髓活检改变疗效评估结果的概率不超过1%,换言之,骨髓活检并非必需。该项研究于近日发表在《British Journal of Haematology》杂志上,

Rutherford博士说:“在日常的临床实践中,我们不经常为FL患者进行BMB,解除这一障碍能够显着增加患者们对临床试验的兴趣,有助于患者接受一些先进的、有前景的治疗方式。”

BMB对FL患者具有一定价值

宾夕法尼亚州Fox Chase癌症中心的血液肿瘤学助理教授Nadia Khan博士就此进行评论:“这项研究证实我们在大多数情况下对FL是否进行BMB的了解——在PET -CT评估疾病分期的时代,BMB可能无法提供可改变临床管理决策的信息。事实上在临床试验中,重要的是要明确需要接受治疗的Ann Arbor I期或II期患者是否有骨髓受累。虽然PET -CT不足以确定,但早期的FL患者很少有骨髓受累,且BMB可能是阴性的。

Rutherford博士指出,FL临床试验的评效标准是由治疗淋巴瘤患者的临床医生和放射科医师制定。 2007年国际工作组修订标准和2014年卢加诺分类推荐:在治疗的初始阶段,医生们需要BMB确定疾病的程度;在后续治疗中,需用影像学检查对患者进行随访,如果结果为阴性,评效标准要求患者接受BMB以确认成像结果。但是在某些情况下,医生应该保持警惕,例如患者出现持续性血象偏低,医生可能会要求患者接受BMB。

Khan博士对上述说法表示同意,同时她说,“骨髓浸润出现症状时才建议使用BMB。如果患者出现血细胞减少,则需要确定是否有骨髓受累;而在长期血细胞减少症的患者中,如果患者出现病情缓解,则需要了解骨髓受累是否同样获得了缓解。”

但BMB为患者带来经济负担和痛苦

从患者的角度来看,BMB是一种创伤体验。 Liam是一位FL患者,在其入组临床试验之前接受了常规血液学检查及BMB。 他回忆说:“虽然我知道仅仅是一根针穿过我的骨头,但感觉就像有人要锯断它一样。” 他解释说,虽然没有局部疼痛,但是操作时他感到了巨大的压力,身体在颤抖。尽管他知道做这项检查是必要的,但对他而言那次的体验是恐怖的。

事实上,一项关于血液恶性肿瘤患者的研究发现,70%的患者在骨髓活检期间感到疼痛,其中32%的患者疼痛严重。Khan博士表示,经过手术的患者有不同程度的痛苦和焦虑,但在经验丰富的医务人员手中,可以减轻这一痛苦和不适的经历。

此外,BMB不便宜。2017年7月更新的普通医院费用清单(不包括医师和/或其他提供者费用),其中约翰·霍普金斯医院列出的骨髓活检的平均费用为5400美元。

临床试验数据表明:取消BMB检查不会为FL患者带来损失!

作者指出,BMBs影响FL的评效的唯一临床情况是:在基线BMB检查阳性的患者,经治疗达到影像学上的完全缓解,但实际上骨髓内有肿瘤细胞残余。 实际临床中,符合这种情况的患者是极少数的。

参加本研究的99例患者中大多数患者分期为IV期(n = 69); 15例为III期,11例为II期,只有4例为I期。

研究人员发现,45例患者在基线时BMB阳性,治疗后影像学评估显示,其中12例患者达到CR,19例PR,5例SD,9例PD。在12例达到CR的患者中,11例患者基线是BMB结果阴性,并与影像学检车结果一致。1例患者尽管达到CR,但是后续治疗中未接受BMB检查,这是唯一一例BMB可能改变评效结果的病例。

预估基线时BMB阴性的54例患者治疗后BMB结果为阴性,不需要根据应答标准进行重复接受BMB。因此,对他们而言,BMB与评效无关。

“我们发现,如果这种疾病影像学评估达到CR,骨髓也会有类似的疗效,当然,也可能低于BMB检测的阈值。我们认为在制定FL的评效标准时可以省略骨髓评估,这样做不会带来任何明显的严重损失,” Rutherford博士及其同事在文中写道。

Rutherford博士及其同事正计划将这项研究扩大到其他参加类似研究的患者的医疗中心。她说:“如果这样的研究为我们的试验结果提供了新的证据,我们希望那些制定研究方案的人可能能够消除BMB的要求。”

“少即是多,”Khan博士同意,“减少淋巴瘤临床试验中骨髓评估的要求对患者来说是合理和有利的,并且可以有效地影响入组效率。我希望在未来,无创检测将最终取代骨髓活检作为应对的终点。”

原始出处:Rutherford SC, Li V, Ghione P, et al. Bone marrow biopsies do not impact response assessment for follicular lymphoma patients treated on clinical trials. Br J Haematol. 2017 Jul 5.

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    2018-01-04 changfy
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    2017-08-11 smlt2008
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    2017-08-11 fengyi812

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